随笔创作的误区与文化内涵的提升

作为散文艺术的派生和分支 ,随笔是与人们生活最为贴近的一种文学方式。随着社会的发展 ,学者随笔、作家随笔、职业随笔、小资随笔等几类随笔逐渐兴盛起来 ,各自呈现出独特的文化内涵。但是 ,随笔文学在繁荣的同时也出现了一些认识上的偏差 ,从而走入了几个误区。随笔创作要想在不断创新中健康发展 ,必须注意增强随笔的文化内涵 ,提升其艺术生命力 ,以达到真正的繁荣。     

中国社会保障模式选择的民意基础——基于重庆市城乡居民福利态度的实证调查

究竟是哪些因素影响中国城乡居民对社会保障模式的选择？这些因素到底对中国社会保障模式选择影响有多大？对于这些问题,至今我们的了解仍显不足。对重庆市城乡居民福利态度的实证研究结果显示：城乡居民呈现出较为明显社会公平取向的特征。经济发展水平、人口结构特征、制度效果等因素对城乡居民均有显著影响。制度效果、恩格尔系数和文化程度、性别等因素对城乡居民社会保障模式取向的影响存在差异性。     

社会学视野下域外少年司法社会控制的路径分析

从社会学理论出发,社会控制作为一种综合性社会机制回应了百年以来发展中的少年司法制度在刑事惩罚、福利之间的理念与对策的调整。福利模式下的少年控制强调少年福利和康复,福利化的社会控制机制主导了少年触法行为或少年保护事件的干预,也在另一侧面显示出作为社会政策的福利政策和刑事政策的有机联系。基于社会安全考量,世界各国对少年触法者采取强硬态度。作为严罚思想的体现,刑罚福利主义思想强调基于康复需要的干预而不是消极的惩罚。通过协作的少年控制强调了社会控制网络的扩大和社会责任的分担,强调与社会化的专业机构协作和社区责任承担。     

知识产权名义保护、实际保护与发展中国家福利

开放经济条件下,知识产权保护的外部压力和内部利益集团的诉求使得发展中国家出现名义知识产权保护趋同,而实际知识产权保护不均质的现象。从对外贸易、外商直接投资以及研究开发三个方面梳理知识产权对发展中国家的福利影响,发现现有文献研究知识产权保护对发展中国家福利影响的结论模棱两可,政策含义也非常含糊,其原因在于基本没有区分知识产权的名义保护和实际保护,因此,需要在区别的基础上展开进一步研究,最后进行总结评论并提出该领域未来可以进一步拓展的方向。     

我国农产品批发市场发展状况调查及对策建议

在实地调研基础上,结合现有文献资料,对我国农产品批发市场现状进行了分析,指出其当前面临的主要问题:缺乏统一规划,农产品质量安全检测负担较重,以及农产品缺乏生产品牌和标准分级等。进而提出政府应采取的对策建议,即科学规划布局;完善公益性农产品批发市场建设与管理;公平对待不同属性的批发市场;强化农产品流通安全中的政府介入;推进农产品品牌化和标准化发展;提高信息化水平,构建信息反馈机制。     

透过"橱窗"看到的福利国家--一个基于瑞典的案例分析

瑞典福利国家制度的显著特征是覆盖面广、设计项目多、保障水平高,注重"公平"胜于注重"效率"。20世纪70年代后,这一制度的实施出现了财政危机,然而更深层次的危机,则是高福利所要求的高税率对人们工作积极性和国际竞争力的打击。因此使之成为改革的重点。瑞典改革案例给予中国重要启示:建设完善的社会保障制度,是实现经济发展与社会进步的必然选择,这既是政府的责任,也是人民的企盼;但制度设计要避免重蹈瑞典福利国家制度"过度"福利供给的覆辙。     

Globalisation, memory and welfare regimes in transition: towards an anthropology of transnational policy transfers

Processes of transnational policy transfers are of immense importance in understanding new forms of the reproduction of relations and discourses of power, and of memory and forgetfulness, within particular social welfare regimes. Transnational advice and policy transfers appear particularly unsuited to the need to address the complexities of the ways in which welfare subjects interact with welfare regimes which seek to organise their lives, a theme which touches complex issues of culture, identity and resistance, at the interface of local, national, regional and global social relations. Utilising ethnographic material from post–Yugoslav countries, particularly Bosnia–Herzegovina, this article addresses international consultancy, transnational policy advice, and project and programme documents as a specific 'genre' with its own language and power, including the power of silence. The article is based on an explicit erosion of the border between 'research' and 'consultancy'. Theoretically and empirically, a literature on 'global social policy' has paid too little attention to an emerging 'cultural' perspective on welfare which focuses much more on the social relations of welfare; the role of biographies, subjectivities and memories; and the need for forms of reflexivity and attention to the minutiae of everyday life constructed within, and itself constructive of, 'welfare' as a lived experience. Rendering the practice of policy–making as a subject for ethnographic or anthropological research may be the basis for a new action research, and for policy agendas for a democratic welfare, envisioning forms of access, voice, and empowerment, which much current transnational policy advice militates against.     

Listening to 'life knowledge': a new research direction in poverty studies

This article points to a current research direction in poverty studies, which explores the knowledge of people living in poverty. The article examines three studies from the USA, Europe and Israel which give voice to the 'life knowledge' of people living in poverty regarding different aspects of their lives. Through these examples, the article examines the potential contribution of 'life knowledge', possessed by people who are welfare-reliant, to the body of knowledge concerning welfare policy. Knowledge of this sort challenges standard preconceptions about the ways in which people cope with hardship and about the ways in which assistance might be given. The article discusses the ways in which 'life knowledge' can be recognised as such and investigated, and how it might contribute to the formation of public policy.     

Culture and social policy: a developing field of study

This article takes the increased interest in the relation between culture and social policy as a starting point, and discusses how this increasing attention can be understood as the result of contextual factors such as economic, social and academic trends. It discusses these matters and at the same time reviews briefly some of the main findings of studies that contain a cultural perspective in analysing social policy. A second issue concerns the specific character of cultural perspectives in such analyses. Thus far, most studies in the field have been guided by a notion of culture as consisting of the values, norms and beliefs of welfare state actors. Recently, this notion has been questioned by advocates of the so-called 'cultural turn', who suggest that a radical change in the cultural analysis of social policy is required. The article concludes with a discussion of their claims.     

The challenges of poverty and social welfare in the Caribbean

Poverty and related social problems have presented a long-standing challenge to policy makers and development planners throughout the Caribbean. This article is a social primer on anti-poverty strategies and welfare programmes established in Caribbean countries. It presents a comprehensive overview of poverty and attendant problems, discusses the social welfare approach and poverty reduction strategies, and outlines practical proposals for pursuing social development.