杜威教师观的实质及其启示

杜威以类比的方式描述教师角色，表达了他希望通过教育实现社会民主的愿望，带有明显的宗教痕迹与理想主义色彩。杜威围绕其教师观的精髓——“教师是学生思维发展的领导者”——对教师这一支撑性角色做了不同表述，丰富了教师角色的多样性。但杜威将教育者与教师等同的理解方式，在某种程度上导致教师概念过度泛化，模糊了家庭、学校、社会不同场域的育人特征与方式。新时代下，要客观地把握杜威教师观的现实意义，秉持取其精华、去其糟粕的科学理性观点。     

医学专业毕业生择业观影响因素分析及其对策研究——以内蒙古民族大学医学院为例

通过对临床医学、护理学专业2010届120名本科毕业生的书面问卷调查,对少数民族高等院校医学毕业生的择业观影响因素、择业期望值、求职成功制约要素等进行分析,发现了少数民族高等院校医学毕业生的择业观呈现多元化;择业期望值脱离现实需要;择业心理复杂多样;就业心态存在城市情结;偏执心理、攀比心理、自卑心理等负面心理因素影响择业成功的事实,研究并提出了应对上述问题的对策。     

Exploring Neglected Dimensions of Social Policy: The SDW, Fiscal Welfare and the Exemplar of Local Taxation in England

Titmuss's Social Division of Welfare (SDW) thesis is a vitally important but much neglected element of social policy analysis. This article seeks to explore the SDW, with a particular focus on fiscal welfare. Fiscal welfare has been described as forming a hidden welfare state, and while taxation is one of the main ways in which governments affect the lives of citizens, studies of welfare pay remarkably little attention to its impact. Fiscal welfare is examined by using, as an exemplar, local taxation in England, a subject that itself is neglected within social policy. Local taxation in England is of interest because it illustrates the impact of a system of taxation on different groups of citizens, and how this can operate to the benefit of rich over poor citizens. This is because the current system is highly regressive, meaning that those on low and middle incomes spend proportionately more of their income paying the tax than do those on high incomes. What is of further interest is how within the debate about reform of local taxation, concern with regressivity becomes obscured and ceases to be the focus of attention. We are thus provided with an example of how fiscal welfare remains a hidden issue. The article concludes by arguing that social policy analysis needs to move beyond the narrow confines of social welfare and develop a broader understanding of welfare, based on the SDW.     

Spirituality and child welfare reunification: a narrative analysis of successful outcomes

When children are removed from their families because of maltreatment, the child welfare system seeks reunification whenever possible. Despite the importance of this goal, little is known about families who are able to achieve and maintain successful reunification. This qualitative study conducted in‐depth interviews with 15 families who completed their child welfare case plans, were reunited with their children and remained together for at least 1 year post‐reunification. Narrative analysis using a combination of thematic and structural coding was completed to examine the strengths and process families discussed related to their successful child welfare outcomes. This paper discusses one of those strengths, spirituality, in greater depth. Specifically, 12 participants situated the strength of spirituality within their stories as an important narrative element they perceived as critical, leading to important changes. Findings highlight the benefits some families receive from their spiritual beliefs, practices and faith communities when working towards reunification, suggesting child welfare practitioners be prepared to identify and honour this family strength.     

基于社会福利视角的青藏高原公共服务问题初探

文章在对现存关涉青藏高原公共服务问题研究进行思考和整合的基础上,试图从社会福利的角度,对具有浓厚区域文化特色的藏区农牧民公共服务,提出一些新的思考维度。具体分析青藏高原公共服务所面临的机遇和挑战,涉及了人口增长、环境恶化与老龄化、国际政治影响、藏传佛教文化的影响、农牧区社会保障制度的空白、家庭保障和社会互助的补充性等问题。文章建议通过构建非缴费型农牧区养老保险模式、构建覆盖所有农牧民健康保障制度、建立农牧区救助机制三个层面来构建新型的青藏高原福利体系。     

福利国家为什么需要慈善部门？

自福利国家陷入危机以来,慈善部门在福利国家中的功能问题一直没有得到全面和系统的讨论。福利多元主义者将慈善部门视为政府的合作伙伴,希望通过政府委托慈善部门提供公共服务的方式来缓解福利国家的危机;新自由主义者则认为这一定位会使慈善部门对政府的资金产生依赖,使慈善部门失去独立性,因而主张以市场化的方式来解决国家的福利供给问题,让慈善部门在公共服务以外的领域发挥作用。辨析福利多元主义与新自由主义的争论,结合全球化时代慈善部门出现的新特征,可以看到,慈善部门在福利国家中具有绩效提升、结构补充、价值倡导、民主促进、就业吸收和国际支援等六大功能。     

隐性财务契约与企业价值关系研究

知识经济时代,以关系资本、客户资本、声誉资本等为代表的隐性财务资本对企业价值的贡献度越来越大.针对现有文献对隐性财务契约的研究空白,本文在系统归纳、梳理国内外文献基础上,探究了隐性财务契约的基本思想、研究模型、构成要素、驱动系统等,并分别从隐性债务契约、隐性股权契约、隐性福利薪酬契约三个视角对隐性财务契约和企业价值的关系进行了深入的分析探讨.研究表明:隐性债务契约可能与企业价值正相关有助于提升企业价值,也可能与企业价值负相关无助于提升企业价值;隐性股权契约是一种基于财务控制权配置的激励约束机制,这种激励约束机制使得隐性股权契约与企业价值创造正相关;隐性消费方式在影响隐性福利报酬契约履行度的同时进一步影响到企业价值的创造.上述研究结论为深入理解隐性财务契约与企业价值的关系奠定了理论基础.     

可行能力与农民工的福利状况评价

基于辽宁省沈阳市农民工调查数据,应用森的可行能力理论和模糊数学方法对农民工的福利状况进行整体评价。结果发现,农民工福利水平的总模糊指数为0.365,处于较低水平。分指标看,健康状况方面的福利状况处于较高水平,居住环境和精神感受方面的福利状况处于中间水平,其它功能性指标的福利水平较低。在影响农民工福利的主要因素中,工作环境和防护性保障的改善对提升农民工福利影响最大。运用OLS回归模型对农民工的福利状况进行扩展分析,发现农民工群体内部存在较强的异质性,并且不同特征的农民工群体福利水平相差很大。     

我国家庭福利政策探究

在人口变迁与社会发展过程中,我国家庭规模逐渐缩小,传统的家庭功能已经受到严重冲击。因此,单纯地依靠家庭能力难以摆脱贫困、医疗、就业等困境。中国的家庭福利政策属于补缺型的家庭福利政策,应当尽快向普惠型和发展型转变：从发挥政府的主导作用,加强事前预防,投资家庭成员,扩大政策受益对象等方面重构家庭福利体系。     

农村经济、社会福利与区域非均衡性研究

我国农村经济增长与社会福利存在明显的区域非均衡性,二者均呈现出自东部向西部递减的规律;大部分省、市经济增长和社会福利的耦合度经历了从勉强协调向基本协调过渡的发展过程,二者的协调程度还有进一步提升的空间;经济增长指数与耦合度表现出了一致的波动性,经济子系统对整个系统具有牵引作用.当前,加快发展农村经济,扩大对农村地区的必要性供给,推进农村地区的城镇化进程是实现我国农村地区经济增长与社会福利协同发展的有效途径.