略论企业薪酬福利法的渊源

法的渊源专指法的各种表现形式 ,即由不同国家机关制定或认可的 ,具有不同法律效力和法律地位的各种类别的规范法法律文件的总称。从规范性的法律文件和准规范性的法律文件两个方面分析了我国企业薪酬福利法的渊源。     

The relative autonomy of the state and the origins of British welfare policy

This paper assesses the relative influence of organizational vs. class power in affecting the timing and the shape of the British welfare reforms of 1908–1911. Rather than viewing these reforms as either the outcome of the direct pressure of business or as an internal response from a newly bureaucratized state to solve social problems, this analysis finds more evidence for a perspective that emphasizes the more indirect, more mediated class biases inherent in the British state as setting the context within which action on welfare reform occurred. Specifically, I argue that state managers used their newly developed organizational capacity to shape the Liberal reforms according to their own purposes but these purposes were limited by several class-based factors. The historical conclusions point to a synthesis of the relative autonomy approaches to the capitalist state advanced in the neo-Marxist work of Poulantzas, Offe, and Block.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1988 meetings of the Eastern Sociological Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.     

机械类专业课程体系改革

讨论了用系统方法全面认识教育活动与人才培养,论述了转变教育观念的三个论点,并从两个方面研究了机械类专业课程体系与实践环节的改革。     

Ranking Income Distributions According to Equality of Opportunity

According to the opportunity egalitarian ethics, economic inequalities due to factors beyond the individual responsibility are inequitable and to be compensated by society, whereas inequalities due to personal responsibility are equitable and not to be compensated. In this paper we derive welfare and inequality criteria that respect this principle of justice. We characterize axiomatically classes of opportunity egalitarian social evaluation functions. Then, by requiring unanimous agreement among such classes, we provide simple distributional conditions to rank income distributions. These criteria extend the Lorenz and generalized Lorenz partial orderings, commonly used in the unidimensional case of income distributions, to the current context of equality of opportunity.     

Work/Family Policy Stratification: The Examples of Family Support and Family Leave

In the past decade the United States Congress has debated and passed legislative policies concerned with women's work, both in the family and in the labor force. The Family Support Act of 1988 and the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 fall into this category of legislative policy. A comparative study of Congressional testimony in each case reveals that these two pieces of legislation are excellent examples of how federal policies—and the debates which fashion these policies—maintain and promote a system of policy stratification that perpetuates differences based on gender, race, class and marital and occupational status.     

Are Scandinavians lazy or hard-working?

The popular image of work and working in Scandinavia is highly contradictory. One discourse stresses the strict work ethic of Scandinavian people and the participation of the whole population in wage labor. Another discourse says that welfare states have undermined the motivation of people in Scandinavian to work. This article explores the argumentation of both discourses and compares the industry of people in Finland, Norway and Sweden with the situation in other OECD countries. The picture that unfolds is contradictory: Scandinavia has a high labor market participation rate, but Norwegian people nonetheless work only comparatively few hours, Finnish people work long hours, while Swedish people fall somewhere in-between. Overall, the people of Scandinavia are certainly not the most hard-working in the world, but the amount of work does not seem to correlate directly with the national standard of living.     

Traveller children and the state: Welfare or neglect?

Travellers' historical experience is of persecution. Recent policy in England and Wales reflects assimilation or exclusion, with Travellers facing the paradox of pressure to settle and insufficient sites because of the failure to implement legislation. The conditions for many Travellers are damaging, and undermine access to other rights and services. Children are particularly severely affected, resulting in societally imposed neglect. Traveller children's low health status and the negative effects on their development are documented in practice reports, seminars and research. Policy trends have culminated in the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 which removes rights and increases penalties for travelling, and is likely to exacerbate an already problematic situation for many Traveller children. Welfare services both have contributed to and can counteract this societal neglect. Problems of access and service delivery are outlined in relation to health, education and social services, and new service developments described. Key criteria for positive practice are found to be common to these areas of welfare provision, and include anti-discrimination and cultural respect, outreach and community-oriented work; hand-held records; specialist provision focused on immediate needs and commitment to mainstream change; flexibility and inter-agency development work; and advocacy and campaigning alongside Travellers.     

海上救助打捞单位预算定额标准及其测定方法研究

在调研的基础上 ,分析了海上救助打捞单位目前存在的问题 ,划分了其公益性业务的内容与范围。针对公益性业务 ,运用零基预算方法 ,根据其费用支出的特点 ,考虑到现状及发展因素 ,确定与公益性业务相关的人员经费、公用经费 ,测算出相应定额 ,并给出了使用方法。     

初论教育研究方法的多元化

方法论的演变和教育现象本身的特点决定了教育研究方法的多元化。而教育研究对象、教育研究目的、教育研究的过程、教育研究结果的期待、教育研究者等是造成教育研究多元化的原因。各种教育研究方法都基于一定的哲学观 ,而这些哲学观反映了人类对世界的各个侧面和层次的认识 ,不存在优劣之分 ,在某种程度上都具有合理性。基于不同哲学观的教育研究方法 ,对研究对象的侧面和层次有不同的关注 ,也都有各自特定的适用范围。可以说 ,教育研究方法多元化存在是合理的     

Parents Whose Children with Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour Attend 52-week Residential Schools: Their Perceptions of Services Received and Expectations of the Future

This paper reports the findings of a survey of parents whosechildren attended 52-week residential schools. Seventy-threeparents completed a postal questionnaire which asked questionsabout three main areas: support and services received priorto their child’s entry into residential education; perceptionsof the quality of care and education provided by residentialschools; and concerns for their child’s future care andwelfare. Telephone interviews were conducted with 14 parents,to obtain additional information on the topics addressed bythe questionnaire. Parents were critical of services and supportreceived prior to their child’s entry into residentialeducation and reported high rates of exclusion from local services.Residential schools were generally perceived as providing agood quality of service, though considerable concern was expressedabout their geographical distance from the family home, andthis had a significant impact on the frequency of visits. Parentsexpressed high levels of concern about the future care and supportneeds of their children. Further research is required to understandthe relationship between the availability and quality of localservices and the need for 52-week residential schools. The impactof distant residential education on parent–child relationshipsand on future demand for residential care is considered.