从西方到东方看中国农民的人文性格

中国农民是世界上人口最多的一个社会群体,从西方到东方,从经典作家到学者都曾从不同的角度、不同的层面、不同的视野,对中国农民的人文性格进行过分析、探讨和研究。这对中国当下气势磅礴城市化的形成、发展和未来走向都有深刻的影响,具有重要的研究意义和参考价值。     

But Where Are “The People”? Unfinished Agendas in The People of Puerto Rico

The People of Puerto Rico is a comprehensive ethnography of major types of rural communities in pre-1950 Puerto Rico but was less successful in reconnecting those localities in a coherent portrayal of the island's social formation. A reexamination of this work's best-known subcultures, Santa Isabel (Sidney Mintz' “Cañamelar”) and Ciales (Eric Wolf's “San José”), offers entry points to these communities, as well as to the key concepts that Mintz and Wolf constructed reciprocally through their research: rural proletarian and peasant, plantation and hacienda. Also present are the too-implicit spatial referents of these concepts—lowland and highland, foreland and hinterland—and their associated crop types, sugar and coffee. In this article, the historical space of Santa Isabel and Ciales will be reconsidered, in part with reference to often-overlooked nuances and caveats in Mintz' and Wolf's chapters. Foregrounding the spatial/ecological referent in “Cañamelar” and “San José” opens our sights to counterpoints between sugar and livestock, and to patterns of highland-lowland migration, kin networks, and social interaction. Familiar concepts take on new meanings as we discern supra-municipal, sub-insular, and intermediate island regions and move closer to specifying historical situations (Mintz) while renewing our theorization (Wolf).     

Bridging identity divides in current rural social mobilisation

The shift from a corporatist citizenship regime to a neoliberal one has adversely affected Latin American rural communities and led to widespread social mobilisation and organisation in the countryside. The struggle of such marginalised communities has been often framed by stressing their indigenous collective identity over the previously prevalent class-based peasant identity. This article focuses on the role of identity and the negotiation of different identities in the struggle of two rural organisations in Northwest Argentina for securing land tenure and improving their standards of living. Argentinean society, in contrast to some other Latin American societies, is often imagined as ‘white,’ but in recent decades many peasant, or campesino, communities have rediscovered or reaffirmed their indigenous origin. This article therefore deconstructs rural collective identities in Argentina and analyses how class and ethnic identities are negotiated in struggles of grassroots social organisations in the countryside of this predominantly urban country.     

大力发展旅游业促进西部民族地区小康社会建设

旅游业是西部民族地区的优势产业.旅游业的发展对西部民族地区全面建设小康社会意义重大.全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的提出,为西部民族地区旅游业的大发展提供了良好机遇、绝大动力和深厚基础.西部民族地区应该抓住有利时机,采取创新战略、跨越式发展战略和可持续发展战略大力发展旅游业,通过旅游业的发展带动该地区的全面小康社会建设.     

从人口学的视角看中国“三农”问题——试论中国农村人口数量变化与社会经济发展的交互影响

中国农村人口数量的减少,是中国工业化、城市化的必然结果之一,有利于缓解农村人口过多的压力,有利于“三农”问题的解决,是我国经济发展、社会进步在人口领域的反映,农村人口数量与结构的变化与农村社会经济发展具有一定的互动性。     

吉林省农村人口的收入分析

吉林省农村地区属于扩张过程中的欠发达地区,其特征为:农民的人均纯收入低于全国平均水平,但发展速度高于全国平均水平,正处于从欠发达地区向发达地区过渡的上升期。通过分析吉林省农民人均纯收入在时间上、结构上的变化,及其与全国平均水平、发达省份统计数据上的对比,进而提出增加农民收入的对策。     

“四种收入”：破解失地农民可持续生计难题

随着工业化、城镇化进程的不断加快,大量的农用土地被征用,使得失地农民在生活、就业、子女教育、社会保障等方面出现一些问题,因此,把促进失地农民提高增收作为解决问题的重要突破点,分别通过进一步完善后续就业机制、大力发展农村非农产业、健全失地农民＂社会安全网等路径实现失地农民工资性、家庭经营性、财产性、转移性收入保值增值,乃是有效地解决失地农民的可持续生计的关键。     

“农民农”:城镇化进程中一个新的问题域——以上海郊区为例

"农民农"是相对于"农民工"而言,特指离开家乡进入城市区域从事农业活动的农民。通过近期沪郊调研发现,"农民农"不是一个孤立的现象,它和"农民工"有着密切的联系。一是作为经济因素承担着拾遗补缺的功能;二是为身为异乡异客的"农民工"提供家庭支持功能;三是作为嵌入的外来社会服务网络强化了节点效应。在当前城市如何与外来人口特别是从事所谓"低端行业"外来人员的和谐共生、共荣的问题上,对"农民农"问题的探讨无疑具有一定的理论和现实意义。     

马克思主义农村工业化理论及其启示

马克思主义经典作家和我党三代领导人高度重视农村工业化问题。他们认为农业是国民经济的基础,在工业化过程中,农村工业发展必须要与农业发展相结合、与农民的致富相结合。农村工业化是手段,而不是目的,农村工业化是农村经济发展主体力量,最终的目的是实现城乡一体化。他们有关农村工业化的思想,对于新时期指导我国转变发展方式,破解＂三农＂问题,发展农村经济、增加农民收入、建设现代农业,统筹城乡发展,推进城乡一体化进程具有重大的现实意义。     

村级文化设施建设与利用问题刍议——基于湖南1395个村的调查

农村文化设施是农村文化事业发展的重要标志,其建设和利用状况直接影响新农村建设的效果。基于湖南1395个行政村的调查发现,村级文化设施建设初具规模的同时,存在文化设施总量供给不足,质量不高,部分设施利用率低,配置不合理等问题,为此,应融通政府资金和社会资金,及时更新、修葺村级文化设施;加强管理与队伍建设,建立对文化设施的长期跟踪和农民使用意见反馈机制,提高村级文化设施的利用率和村民满意度。