Making sense of nuclear war: narratives of voluntary civil defence and the memory of Britain’s Cold War

In interviews with members of Britain’s Civil Defence Services, experiences of Cold War voluntarism are recalled in different ways. Some remembered their desire to help defend their nation and local community. Others remembered making a leisure choice that had little connection to the potential nuclear war the organization was ostensibly preparing for. No one provided a well-developed account of civil defence’s ability to provide a defence against the effects of a nuclear war. Popular memory theorists suggest cultural discourse limits the ability of individuals to narrate stories that do not align with culturally valued frameworks: in this case, dominant understandings of civil defence as at best ridiculous or at worst dangerous were established in the 1980s. This article argues that memories of civil defence voluntarism in the 1950-60s have been shaped by these discourses, but that individuals were able to express the different meanings civil defence had in their lives in ways that provide a more nuanced and holistic picture of the intersections of leisure, service and sociability that made up civil defence. As such, it argues that oral history allows us to understand the various ‘horizons of possibility’ that made up individual experiences of the Cold War.     

底层弱者的“武器”：个体表演、例外话语和身体暴力

相较印度及东南亚,中国底层政治有其在地化特色,即主要依赖个体表演、例外话语和身体暴力作为弱者的“武器”：采用个体表演的公开极化形式而非社群的集体抗争或者个体的隐藏文本;例外话语用来指认逍遥法外的他者而不非寻求对自我的法外开恩;身体暴力是弱者暴力和自我暴力而非强者暴力和他者暴力。     

“作为武器的弱者身份”：农民维权抗争的底层政治

社会弱者并不必然在任何时候都处于弱势地位,有时甚至拥有优势。在评述和借鉴农民维权抗争,特别是体现为“弱者的武器”的日常抵抗的相关研究的基础上,本文将农民底层政治的自主性作为分析农民的维权抗争的基点,同时将关注焦点放在农民维权抗争的日常事件上,从而发现了农民的另一种底层抗争的政治机制——“作为武器的弱者身份”。本研究论述了弱者所具有的隐性力量及以弱者身份作为武器进行抗争的作为,即回答了“作为武器的弱者身份”何以可能与何以可为的问题,从而对学界以往对弱者的传统认识提出了修正。本文最后指出,“作为武器的弱者身份”的抗争机制的研究对于社会管理与发展具有更深远的意义。     

建设维护生命尊严的光辉世纪

现今的世界上,有许多人由于内战、贫困与饥饿、环境破坏等威胁,迫使他们的生命及尊严处于危险状态,也有大批人仍然饱受着人权侵害、种族歧视的痛苦。为和平、人权、人道的奋斗,绝不是低层爬到高山的顶峰就可以达到终点那样。重要的是要创建一股一代接一代、谁也阻挡不了的滔滔洪流,并日积月累地把它发展和扩大。这就是我们为了建设一个和平未来的不断挑战。     

一个民间故事的全球传播与变异——佛经《昆奈耶杂事》中AT566及其相关类型试探

《三件法宝和仙果》是一则广传于欧洲、美洲、亚洲和北非等地区的民间故事，这则故事在流传的过程中常会和其它型的故事混合或结合发生变异，产生了新的民间故事。如《群魔争法宝》、《妖怪的新娘》、《神鸟之心》、《神鸟之心和分离的兄弟》、《跳舞的鞋子》等。     

Looming struggles over technology for border control

Abstract

New technologies under development, capable of inflicting pain on masses of people, could be used for border control against asylum seekers. Implementation might be rationalized by the threat of mass migration due to climate change, nuclear disaster or exaggerated fears of refugees created by governments. We focus on taser anti-personnel mines, suggesting both technological countermeasures and ways of making the use of such technology politically counterproductive. We also outline several other types of non-lethal technology that could be used for border control and raise human rights concerns: high-powered microwaves, armed robots, wireless tasers, acoustic devices/vortex rings, ionizing and pulsed energy lasers, chemical calmatives, convulsants, bioregulators and malodurants. Whether all these possible border technologies will be implemented is a matter for speculation, but their serious human rights implications warrant advance scrutiny.     

构建马克思主义学习型政党的思想方法与原则——延安时期毛泽东党建思想及其启示

延安时期,毛泽东从分析“三个法宝”的相互关系及马克思主义中国化的时代命题入手,指出“党的建设”是“三个法宝”的核心,确立了理论联系实际、实事求是这一构建马克思主义学习型政党的思想基础;并提出了党应以马列主义为工具研究本民族和党的历史,研究当前运动等学习要求,以及加强理论研究、完备学习制度、把全党办成一个大学校等构建学习型政党的举措。毛泽东党建思想对当今马克思主义学习型政党建设的启示在于：坚持实事求是的思想路线,科学对待马克思主义,正确处理党的建设和中国特色社会主义事业的关系,加强学习型党组织建设和理论研究,是建设马克思主义学习型政党的重要保证。     

Why People Believe They Were Exposed to Biological or Chemical Warfare: A Survey of Gulf War Veterans

The study sought to understand better how people come to believe they have been exposed to biological and chemical warfare. We conducted telephone interviews with 1,009 American veterans (65% response rate) deployed and not deployed to the Gulf War, a conflict during which there were credible threats that such warfare could be used. Only 6% of non-Gulf War veterans reported exposure to biological or chemical warfare, but most of Gulf War veterans reported exposure (64%). The majority of these were unsure whether the exposure was chemical or biological in nature. The most commonly reported exposure indicators were receiving an alert from the military and having physical symptoms. Veterans who were certain of the type of exposure (biological or chemical) were more likely to recall having been told by the military and to recall physical symptoms. Future communications with soldiers and the general public about biological and chemical warfare may need to emphasize the uncertain nature of such risk information. Evaluations of exposure diagnostic technologies should take into account the problem of people initially believing, but not later discounting, false positive results.     

汉代豪强地主庄园的武装防卫

汉代豪强地主庄园是相对封闭的经济社会单位。豪强地主为维持对农民的统治和保卫庄园财产,都拥有“部曲”家兵,修筑防御工事,并打造武器装备,拥有一定规模的私人武装力量,这些在汉代出土文物中都有所反映。东汉末年的分裂割据,亦与封建庄园私人武装的迅速发展有着直接的联系。     

辛亥革命时期南社社友手中的两大法宝——“报刊”与“诗文”

辛亥革命时期,南社社友以报刊与诗文为武器,宣传革命,反对封建专制和封建旧文化,在近代革命史上写下了光辉的篇章。