民族地区环境保护绩效评价与思考

民族地区是我国重要的生态屏障,科学评价和分析民族地区环保绩效,是衡量和促进民族地区生态环保建设的关键手段和有效途径。运用层次分析法,从环境综合发展、三废减量排放、自然灾害防治、农村建设投入4个方面构建我国民族地区环保绩效改善的评价指标体系,并对内蒙古、广西、海南等9个民族地区环境保护绩效进行实证分析。结果显示,与2006年相比,2009年我国民族地区的生态环境状况有较大改善,综合水平显著提高;新疆、青海、甘肃3个地区环保绩效主要受制于三废减量排放指数;评价地区的自然灾害防治指数均低于全国水平;贵州的环保绩效改善的最主要制约因素来自农村建设投入指数。据此提出相应的政策建议:大力推广资源节约型和环境友好型的工业生产模式,科学用能;认真落实民族地区相关政策,促进民族地区和谐发展;继续推进民族地区社会主义新农村建设,加快农村全面建设小康的进程;发展壮大环境非政府组织,提高全社会的环境保护意识。     

西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施的实践探索

The ethnic regions of Western Chi￣na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re￣sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec￣ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi￣ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi￣ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab￣lishment of an ecological compensation mecha￣nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev￣els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer￣tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit￣imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta￣cles. At present, the core research issue on eco￣logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al￣ready clearly stated in official documents from cen￣tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy￣ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi￣cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi￣bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im￣partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus￣try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi￣cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research￣ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in￣dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al￣though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in￣dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu￣ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen￣sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri￣cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over￣seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re￣search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de￣fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec￣ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re￣gions of Western China, and by especially empha￣sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu￣tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti￣tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic￣tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop￣ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization.     

历史时期重庆民族地区的土司制度

土司制度是元明及清前期封建王朝对我国西南、西北等少数民族地区实施的一种管理制度,是从历代“羁縻政策”发展而来。历史时期重庆民族地区土司主要包括石砫马氏土司,酉阳冉氏土司,秀山平茶、邑梅、石耶和地坝四个杨氏土司。重庆土司制度包括职衔制度、承袭制度、升迁制度、惩罚制度、贡赋制度、土兵制度和教育制度等七个方面的内容。探讨历史时期重庆民族地区土司制度,有助于专家学者们更加深入地研究我国元明清时期的土司制度。     

西部地区承接东部产业转移的动力主体与机制分析

西部地区的地方政府、企业和居民构成了西部地区承接东部产业转移的三大动力主体。西部地区完善的产业承接动力应该是"政府有意愿、企业有兴趣、居民有热情",三个力量形成合力,才能从整体上构成西部地区对于东部地区产业转移的承接动力。合力的形成则源自于激励、竞争和关联三种动力机制的相互影响和相互渗透。     

明代滇西边疆研究述评

文章从政区设置、边疆经略、民族史等方面,对目前学术界对有关明代滇西边疆研究的成果进行了述评,对研究新动向和视角进行了总结.认为从地方、中央甚至周边关系的多重视角研究边疆地区,可以发现边疆与中央、与周边地区的互动,并发现这种互动关系对边疆社会变化的推动作用,能更全面、深入地理解滇西边疆的发展与形成的历史.     

试论道德理论的层次结构——兼论儒家伦理与西方伦理之比较

本文着重讨论了四种道德学派即:以休谟和斯密为代表的道德感派、以儒家为代表的良知派、以边沁和密尔为代表的最大幸福派和以康德为代表的自由意志派。并从两个方面对道德进行划分:从动机上把道德分为理性的和情感的,从层次上把道德分为功利的和道义的;进而将道德哲学的四大分野即情感主义、理性主义、功利论和道义论纳入一个统一的层次结构。与此同时,对儒家伦理和西方伦理做了较为深入的比较,揭示出二者之间的不同发展路径和互补格局。     

综论中西文论融合之初现与儒家思想变迁

中国文化形成中国传统文论以求善为核心的审美价值判断,但随着儒家思想自宋明理学起的变迁,中国出现个体意识觉醒的倾向,随之带来文学审美价值以个体人性意识为中心向求真的转变,与西方文化形成的西方现代文论以求真为核心的审美价值判断趋同。于是,伴随着20世纪初的西论中输,中国文论自身在求真的价值基础上与西方文论快速融合,出现中国现代文论的历史性初构。     

西方政治文化的特征分析

西方政治文化具有西方文化的特征 ,但也具有自身的特性如 :理性主义传统、公民文化传统、自由至上传统、法律至上传统等。     

马克思主义哲学与近代西方哲学之对比——基于主体性视野的研究

马克思主义哲学是在与近代西方哲学的对话中形成和发展的,它既是对近代西方哲学的汲取与继承,又是对近代西方哲学的发展与超越,因此在学习马克思主义哲学的过程中要求对两者之间的关系进行对比研究。本文以哲学中的主体性范畴为视角来对比马克思主义哲学与近代西方哲学,以达到对马克思主义哲学的进一步认识。     

西部地区教育新闻宣传信息增殖刍议

通过对５０年代以来教育新闻宣传思维的反思,提出新世纪西部教育新闻宣传要以党中央的政策为宣传导向,以创新为思维最佳角度,走教育新闻宣传信息增殖途径。