自然保护区生态旅游产生的问题及对策

本文介绍了生态旅游和传统旅游的区别,阐述了目前自然保护区开展生态旅游所带来的突出问题,并且为解决这些问题提出了有关对策。     

居民生活能耗增长的分解与影响因素研究——基于习惯形成视角

伴随环境问题的日益紧迫,居民家庭生活中的能耗与碳排放问题逐渐成为今后社会关注的重要方面,通过将居民消费研究领域的习惯形成模型引入到居民生活能耗的分析框架中,计算中国居民生活能耗中的习惯量,研究中国居民生活能耗增长的影响因素。研究结果显示,中国居民生活能耗中存在较大的习惯性成分。通过将居民生活能耗中的习惯因素扣除后,基于协整方程,发现生活能耗中非习惯性成分与中国经济增长和城市化之间是同向变动关系,与工业化是反向变动关系。从降低生活能耗的角度提出了节能减排的相关政策建议,认为:居民的节能消费行为习惯的形成以及节能技术推广应用,在抑制居民生活能耗过快增长中的地位至关重要。     

节能减排税收政策调整的对策与建议

我国能源的现状和目前节能减排工作非常必要和紧迫。我国节能减排工作在税收制度方面存在诸多不足,应该借鉴国外主要发达国家节能减排的税收手段,利用税收政策,破解节能减排难题。     

朱之锡治河

清初河患异常严重,清承明制设立河道总督。朱之锡是清代第二任河道总督,他在任期间提出了具体的治河措施并加以实施,使河患得以减轻。朱之锡为治河鞠躬尽瘁,病死于任上,因此,深受沿河百姓爱戴,死后被沿河百姓称为河神。     

论野生动物资源的物权法调整

偏重于公法调整的《野生动物保护法》难以适应野生动物保护的新形势,但关于野生动物资源的保护是否应引入私法调整之机制,法学界素有争议。借鉴德国、俄罗斯二国皆运用民法强化对野生动物资源保护的做法,本文从公益与私益关系之协调、经济运行规律、权利自治等方面论述了我国野生动物物权法调整的必要性,从野生动物资源的特定性与直接支配性方面论述了我国野生动物物权法调整的可行性,建议未来民法典总则关于野生动物应作出一般性的规定,以增强相关权利人的生态保护义务。     

Using the CAUSE Model to Understand Public Communication about Water Risks: Perspectives from Texas Groundwater District Officials on Drought and Availability

Public communication about drought and water availability risks poses challenges to a potentially disinterested public. Water management professionals, though, have a responsibility to work with the public to engage in communication about water and environmental risks. Because limited research in water management examines organizational communication practices and perceptions, insights into research and practice can be gained through investigation of current applications of these risk communication efforts. Guided by the CAUSE model, which explains common goals in communicating risk information to the public (e.g., creating Confidence, generating Awareness, enhancing Understanding, gaining Satisfaction, and motivating Enactment), semistructured interviews of professionals (N = 25) employed by Texas groundwater conservation districts were conducted. The interviews examined how CAUSE model considerations factor in to communication about drought and water availability risks. These data suggest that many work to build constituents’ confidence in their districts. Although audiences and constituents living in drought‐prone areas were reported as being engaged with water availability risks and solutions, many district officials noted constituents’ lack of perceived risk and engagement. Some managers also indicated that public understanding was a secondary concern of their primary responsibilities and that the public often seemed apathetic about technical details related to water conservation risks. Overall, results suggest complicated dynamics between officials and the public regarding information access and motivation. The article also outlines extensions of the CAUSE model and implications for improving public communication about drought and water availability risks.     

Quantifying urban forest structure,function, and value: the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project

This paper is a review of research in Chicago that linked analyses of vegetation structure with forest functions and values. During 1991, the regions trees removed an estimated 5575 metric tons of air pollutants, providing air cleansing worth 9.2 million. Each year they sequester an estimated 315 800 metric tons of carbon. Increasing tree cover 10% or planting about three trees per building lot saves annual heating and cooling costs by an estimated 50 to 90 per dwelling unit because of increased shade, lower summertime air temperatures, and reduced neighborhood wind speeds once the trees mature. The net present value of the services trees provide is estimated as 402 per planted tree. The present value of long-term benefits is more than twice the present value of costs.     

三峡地区的生态旅游开发与环境保护对策

三峡地区拥有得天独厚的发展生态旅游的优势条件和潜力,进行科学、合理的规划,奉行区域联盟、重点发展、发挥特色、精品名牌、国际化等战略,采取积极相应的生态旅游开发和生态环境保护对策,对于三峡地区的旅游可持续发展和环境、经济、社会的协调发展具有重要意义。     

水土保持与荒漠化防治专业双语教学初探

该文从双语教学的定义和内涵着手,阐述了水土保持与荒漠化防治专业开展双语教学的必要性。同时文章针对水土保持与荒漠化防治专业开展双语教学的几个关键问题,例如双语教学师资队伍建设、英文原版教材引进、如何提高双语教学质量、应采用的教学手段、设立双语教学激励机制以及建立双语教学评估体系等进行了初步探讨,指出双语教学的开展对培养高层次、高素质的水土保持与荒漠化防治专业人才具有重要的意义。     

Social Contagion of Risk Perceptions in Environmental Management Networks

An important requisite for improving risk communication practice related to contentious environmental issues is having a better theoretical understanding of how risk perceptions function in real‐world social systems. Our study applied Scherer and Cho's social network contagion theory of risk perception (SNCTRP) to cormorant management (a contentious environmental management issue) in the Great Lakes Basin to: (1) assess contagion effects on cormorant‐related risk perceptions and individual factors believed to influence those perceptions and (2) explore the extent of social contagion in a full network (consisting of interactions between and among experts and laypeople) and three “isolated” models separating different types of interactions from the full network (i.e., expert‐to‐expert, layperson‐to‐layperson, and expert‐to‐layperson). We conducted interviews and administered questionnaires with experts (e.g., natural resource professionals) and laypeople (e.g., recreational and commercial anglers, business owners, bird enthusiasts) engaged in cormorant management in northern Lake Huron (n = 115). Our findings generally support the SNCTRP; however, the scope and scale of social contagion varied considerably based on the variables (e.g., individual risk perception factors), actors (i.e., experts or laypeople), and interactions of interest. Contagion effects were identified more frequently, and were stronger, in the models containing interactions between experts and laypeople than in those models containing only interactions among experts or laypeople.