枉法仲裁罪主体问题探析

枉法仲裁罪的主体只限于民商事仲裁和劳动仲裁中具体参加仲裁的仲裁员，不包括这些仲裁机构中的其他人员以及参加其他仲裁的仲裁员。该罪主体由于不具有国家工作人员身份，不存在与滥用职权罪或受贿罪发生主体竞合的问题。对该罪罪状应予修改，应取消“依法承担仲裁职责的人员”的规定。     

《西游记》主题“游戏说”发展简论

《西游记》的主旨问题一直是学术界争议颇多的热点。其中＂游戏＂主题说自有其贯穿始终的一致性,早在明清时期批评者便根据古代文化传统提出＂游戏说＂,后经五四时期胡适、鲁迅等现代新文学大师的大力提倡,至改革开放新时期又有吴圣昔等研究者的重提。这些不仅开拓了《西游记》研究的新视角,而且在关键性的历史时期对《西游记》研究回归到文本方面起到了重要的作用。     

A technique for uncertainty reduction based on order commonality

The use of commonality is widely diffused as a criterion to reduce uncertainty in demand forecasts for the master production schedule (MPS). Nevertheless, studies have mostly focused on exploiting component commonality in make to stock and assemble to order manufacturing. This paper refers to planning environments with two specific characteristics. First, the degree of certainty of the demand is extremely low, due to product complexity, with poor modularization and standardization, and to the presence of few customers of large dimensions. Second, the delivery lead time is less than the total lead time. In this situation, demand for MPS planning units is extremely uncertain and sporadic. It is therefore necessary to formulate in advance forecasts of customer orders with a redundant configuration. In this paper a technique for the reduction of demand uncertainty is introduced, based on the exploitation of order commonalities. In particular, relations between order commonality and uncertainty reduction in a planning environment with such complex features are illustrated. Then, guidelines for the implementation of the technique in order to reduce over-planning in the master production schedule are provided. Finally, the performances of the technique are empirically analysed by means of both a simulation model and experimental application in a telecommunication systems manufacturer     

明朝实行海禁政策的原因探究

探讨明代实行海禁的原因，分别从政治、经济、思想文化以及突发历史事件造成的影响等方面分析明政府终止宋元以来鼓励航海贸易政策的原因，进而阐明在不同时期海禁政策体系的强化过程，并得出结论。     

网络渠道交易价值的实证分析——以L品牌手机淘宝BtoC店为例

以国产手机著名品牌L品牌淘宝BtoC店为例,按入口时搜索的关键词的特点,将来访顾客分成渠道忠诚访客和品牌忠诚访客,连续30天观察总的页面浏览量、2种类型的访客数量、分别带来的成交量,以及每日询盘量。对渠道忠诚顾客带来的成交占总成交的比例进行均值估计,得知其比例为38.3%;对2类访客与相应的成交量分别作回归分析,结论均为有显著影响。文章在此基础上对提高网店价值,提出了相应的建议。     

论“上命下从”与检察官的客观义务

“上命下从”是检察一体化的应有之义, 意味着上级检察机关对下级检察机关、检察长对检察官享有指令权, 能以命令的形式要求检察机关或检察官实施一定行为。而在客观义务面前, “法律的守护人”是检察官角色的集中体现, 客观公正应成为检察官的不懈追求。当“上命下从”遭遇检察官的客观义务之时, 应受到如下的限制:“上命下从”不仅应以检察官的客观义务为边界, 不能抹杀下级检察官的相对独立性, 而且还应该避免检察官行政人化。     

The manager's role in employees' successful return to work following back injury

Abstract

This study reports on the short-term effects of an educational programme for immediate supervisors on employees' back pain problems. The course was designed to help supervisors more efficiently deal with employees returning to work after being treated for back pain. Forty-seven supervisors who had personnel either undergoing treatment for back pain problems or were candidates for this treatment were invited to attend a one-day course. This educational package consisted of information about back pain and stressed specific behaviours which supervisors could use to help their employees successfully return to work. The results showed that 78% of the supervisors found the course to be satisfactory enough to recommend it to a colleague without hesitation. Furthermore, independent ratings made by the supervisors and their employees suggested that supervisors complied with the recommended programme. Returning employees, moreover, gave their supervisors significantly higher ratings of support than a control group whose supervisors had not attended the educational programme. It was concluded that an educational programme which alters specific supervisory behaviours may be an effective method of assisting employee return to work after treatment for back pain. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of such a programme on absenteeism due to illness.     

Promoting Gender Equality without a Gender Perspective: Problem Representations of Equal Pay in Finland

The current locus of promoting equal pay in Finland is the workplace. Legal instruments, like gender equality planning and its pay surveys, are to be implemented in workplaces. This development raises important questions about the central role of the local trade union representatives as promoters of equal pay. This article analyses how local trade union representatives construct the problem of unequal pay and their role in narrowing the gender pay gap and their possible agonistic adversaries in negotiations on equal pay. Different problem representations concerning equal pay are analysed and evaluated on the basis of their potential to fracture the gender‐blind wage bargaining culture and ability to cash in on the promises made towards narrowing the gender pay gap.     

Affective and Cognitive Factors Influencing Sensitivity to Probabilistic Information

In study 1 different groups of female students were randomly assigned to one of four probabilistic information formats. Five different levels of probability of a genetic disease in an unborn child were presented to participants (within‐subject factor). After the presentation of the probability level, participants were requested to indicate the acceptable level of pain they would tolerate to avoid the disease (in their unborn child), their subjective evaluation of the disease risk, and their subjective evaluation of being worried by this risk. The results of study 1 confirmed the hypothesis that an experience‐based probability format decreases the subjective sense of worry about the disease, thus, presumably, weakening the tendency to overrate the probability of rare events. Study 2 showed that for the emotionally laden stimuli, the experience‐based probability format resulted in higher sensitivity to probability variations than other formats of probabilistic information. These advantages of the experience‐based probability format are interpreted in terms of two systems of information processing: the rational deliberative versus the affective experiential and the principle of stimulus‐response compatibility.     

孙悟空的名号与《西游记》的主旨

《西游记》中，孙悟空的名号有一个美猴王-孙悟空-弼马温-齐天大圣-孙行者-斗战胜佛的变化，亦可称之为心与魔之间相交的变化。二者相交反映着孙悟空的心路历程，即求心-束心-放心-收心-正心的过程，而这也正是小说的主旨。且心魔相交之说在《西游记》主旨探求过程中始终是一条重要支脉而延绵不断，这与晚明大行其道的心学思潮有着紧密关联。