新媒体语境下国家形象传播路径转变及成效

随着互联网新媒体传播技术的快速发展,传媒产业和传受关系格局均已发生变化,如何调适和改进单调性路径的传播模式成为国家形象传播面临的问题。从传播主体结构框架的适应性转变、传播形态方式的针对性改进、传播中介桥梁的精准性借用等作为层面,对新媒体语境下的国家形象传播路径进行研究。研究认为,作为国家传播主体的官方机构应利用互联网新媒体的超强联接能量,为国家形象传播提供平台,吸引非政府组织和广大民众参与,并承担正向的积极引导职责;国家形象传播方式应将精英文本与表述转化为大众文本与符号,利用易读有趣的绘画、影视等低语境符号传播,吸引不同国家、阶层、文化人群对国家整体形象产生认同,这是提高国家形象传播成效的优选策略;国家形象传播还需要依据不同社交网络的属性特征,有技巧地植入国内外的各种新媒体社群圈层,加大有质量的利我形象信息植入数量,并利用网络中介团体等的实地经历来让国外民众切身感悟中国风貌,鼓励支持民间组织或个人利用新媒体技术创造与国外民众共同生活的虚拟体验活动,增加相互认知的深度和广度,促进国家形象传播的认同成效和国家形象的良好塑造。     

协同创新、整体提升:2015年新闻传播学科发展述评

2015年,中国新闻传播学科出现面对社会变革和技术创新的重大挑战,在回顾新闻传播学学科生态和社会实践的基础上,结合国家重大方针政策以及中国传媒业发展的重大事件,从10个方面分析2015年新闻传播学的实际现状,围绕互联网技术和新媒体技术发展、新闻学行业变革、传播学研究新热点、学科范式和学科教育以及新闻传播学学科理念等问题,思考新闻传播学科发展方向,拓展新闻传播学科研究领域,为传统媒体变革和新媒体发展提供理论支持和技术指导,以促进新闻传播学科协同创新、整体提升。     

What social workers do in performing child protection work: evidence from research into face‐to‐face practice

Little research has been done into what social workers do in everyday child protection practice. This paper outlines the broad findings from an ethnographic study of face‐to‐face encounters between social workers, children and families, especially on home visits. The social work practice was found to be deeply investigative. Children's bedrooms were routinely inspected and were the most common place where they were seen alone. A high proportion of children were not seen on their own because they were too young and the majority of the time was spent working with parents and children together. Small amounts of time were spent with children on their own and some first encounters were so rushed that social workers did not even introduce themselves to the child. This arose from two key factors: firstly, organisational pressures from high workloads and the short timescales that social workers were expected to adhere to by managers and Government; secondly, practitioners had varying levels of communication skills, playfulness and comfort with getting close to children and skills at family work. Where these skills and relational capacities were present, social workers were found to have developed deep and meaningful relationships with some children and families, for whom it was apparent that therapeutic change had occurred.     

基于客户需求的移动数据产业生态系统研究

围绕移动数据业务的发展,立足于移动数据业务价值网络的研究,从产业生态系统的角度分析了价值网络各环节价值增值的原理.按照马斯洛的需求层次理论,提出了在有效运作客户资源的基础上,对移动数据业务市场需求进行分析的方法.根据移动数据业务的服务对象,对市场需求进行了分类.提出了以移动运营商为核心,包括网络设备供应商、系统集成商、终端设备制造商、内容及服务提供商、虚拟运营商和用户在内的移动数字产业生态系统的基本架构.     

Crisis communication online: How medium,crisis type and emotions affected public reactions in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster

Social media play in today's societies a fundamental role for the negotiation and dynamics of crises. However, classical crisis communication theories neglect the role of the medium and focus mainly on the interplay between crisis type and crisis communication strategy. Building on the recently developed “networked crisis communication model” we contrast effects of medium (Facebook vs. Twitter vs. online newspaper) and crisis type (intentional vs. victim) in an online experiment. Using the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster as crisis scenario, we show that medium effects are stronger than the effects of crisis type. Crisis communication via social media resulted in a higher reputation and less secondary crisis reactions such as boycotting the company than crisis communication in the newspaper. However, secondary crisis communication, e.g. talking about the crisis communication, was higher in the newspaper condition than in the social media conditions because people consider traditional media as more credible. We also found higher levels of anger in the intentional crisis condition than in the victim crisis condition. Anger in turn was related to reputation, secondary crisis communication and secondary crisis reaction. The results stress the need for more complex models of crisis communication.     

Sports fans as crisis communicators on social media websites

Previous research has analyzed how organizations publicly respond in crisis situations. This study addresses a sports crisis, the University of Miami NCAA investigation, as an avenue for exploring how fans become surrogates for organizational crisis responses via the social media entity, Twitter. Using Coombs's (2007) strategy for reputation repair, analysis of 75 highly identified Miami fans with over 42,000 Twitter followers shows that fans were most likely to engage in (a) ingratiation, (b) reminder, (c) attack the accuser, and (d) divert attention as primary methods of coping with the scandal. New methods for reputation repair were also found within the analysis and implications for organizations, academic institutions, sports research, and crisis communication theory are articulated.     

Beyond liking or following: Understanding public engagement on social networking sites in China

Corporate pages on social networking sites (SNSs) have become the key platform where publics interact with companies and organizations around the world. Focusing on one of the most important world economies, China, this study explored the types of public engagement with corporate pages on leading Chinese SNSs as well as the motivations and antecedents that drive such engagement. Given the participatory and communal nature of SNSs, this study proposed a conceptual model incorporating social media dependency and several social relationship factors, including parasocial interaction, perceived source credibility, and community identification, that influenced Chinese publics’ engagement with companies on SNSs. We conducted a web survey with a random sample of 245 Chinese SNS users to test the proposed model. The results confirm that with the exception of perceived credibility, social media usage and relationship-oriented factors played a significant role in inducing public engagement in China.     

Three Korean perspectives on U.S. internet public diplomacy

This study identifies perspectives of relationships publics have about countries other than their own and examines whether publics engaged through social media-based public diplomacy programs demonstrate different relationship perspectives. Q methodology and survey research were used to investigate these issues. Data come from South Korean adult internet users, including members of Café USA, an online community run by the U.S. Embassy in Seoul. Three relationship perspectives were identified: outcome-based, sincerity-based, and access-based. Compared with other groups, Café USA members put more emphasis on sincerity in their relationships with the United States. The results of this study indicate that individuals’ subjectivity should be considered as far more contextualized and nuanced than has been the case in previous research on national image or country reputation.     

Strategic communication applied to nation building in Spain: The experience of the Catalan Region

This article analyzes how strategic communication is being used in the case of regions, “imagined communities,” or the so-called “stateless nations,” for nation-building purposes. It focuses on the case of Spain's Catalonia region in the years since the devolution of power and approval of the Second Statute of Autonomy in 1979. The different successive Catalan governments have made intensive use of mass media campaigns and other soft power methods to enhance Catalan identity. Main efforts have focused on the promotion of the Catalan language, culture, sports, and symbols through public relations, mass media campaigns, the implementation of laws, and the deployment of public diplomacy tactics with the dual purpose of reaching internal audiences. Although a significant part of the Catalan population is alienated from politics, the overall outcome has been positive for Catalan nationalism: identification with Spain has decreased while dual Catalan/Spanish and Catalan-only identification has grown during this period.     

Comparing Acquisition of Exchange-Based and Signed Mands With Children With Autism

Therapists and educators frequently teach alternative-communication systems, such as picture exchanges or manual signs, to individuals with developmental disabilities who present with expressive language deficits. Michael (1985) recommended a taxonomy for alternative communication systems that differentiated between selection-based systems in which each response is topographically identical (e.g., card selection and exchange systems) and topography-based systems in which each response is topographically distinct (e.g., signed language). We compared the efficiency of training picture exchanges and signs with 3 participants who presented with severe language deficits; all participants acquired the picture-exchange responses more readily.