舆情变动规律初论

舆情是指在一定的社会空间内,围绕中介性社会事项的发生、发展和变化,作为主体的民众对作为客体的国家管理者产生和持有的社会政治态度。因此,它的基本内容可以理解为民众在社会政治方面的群体心理活动。在本质上,舆情则是民众与政府之间利益关系的一种复杂体现。舆情的产生、变化和结束有其自身的规律性。从它的产生看,它是国家管理者“生产”或“管理”的中介性社会事项,包括各类政策、法规、制度、措施以及领袖形象和社会问题等诸多的复杂内容刺激的直接结果;从它的变化和结束看,舆情是随着刺激它产生的各类社会事项的变化和结束的情况而变动的。但是,舆情作为政治性很强的群体心理活动,它的变化和结束又有着自身复杂多变的规则和轨迹:舆情的主要持有者或主体本身的基本构成和政治素质,都会对他们的群体心理活动的具体情形产生影响;民众对过去的一个社会事项曾持有的社会政治态度,会部分地“残留”在他们对一个新的社会事项的心理反应之中。掌握舆情变动规律,对“建立社会舆情汇集和分析机制,畅通社情民意反映渠道”具有重要意义。     

从自治到保甲--近代北京郊区的乡村政治

从晚清开始,国家权力逐渐深入农村。京郊政治的近代转型建立在国家力图榨取社会财富服务于战争的基础之上。在自治时期,增加附加税等榨取财富的方式,促成了农村以看护青苗为主要功能的自发自治组织———青苗会的巩固和壮大,以寺庙为公共空间的地方政权名变而实未变。自日伪落实保甲以后,为村民服务的地方社区领袖逐渐分化,部分人成为政府搜刮民脂民膏的工具。村庄旧有的文化网络被打破,地方行政最终被收编,保甲制彻底破坏了农村的自治组织。在这些变迁中,地方社会与国家行政的博弈值得深入探究。     

Putting the ‘public’ into public service delivery for social welfare in South Africa

Mubangizi BC, Gray M. Putting the ‘public’ into public service delivery for social welfare in South Africa Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 212–219 © 2010 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of SocialWelfare. The privatisation of some essential services in South Africa has raised severe difficulties for those for whom the idea of fees for services is quite foreign and who, in any case, cannot afford to pay for services. The government has developed several initiatives to educate people about the need to pay for services provided by local government, the largest of which was the Masakhane fees‐for‐services campaign. This article describes two recent initiatives that seek to engage local citizen participation, namely, Integrated Development Plans and izimbizo (or traditional forums). These are examined along with the challenges faced by local government in promoting citizenship participation in service delivery within a decentralised system of governance. The article concludes with some recommendations on how citizen participation can be enhanced so as to make the ‘public’ visible in public service delivery and thus improve social welfare services.     

印度对中国崛起的认知

在中印共同崛起的大背景下,探究印度对中国崛起的认知尤为必要。通过皮尤＂全球态度调查＂项目的数据可见印度对中国崛起的认知呈现＂负面＂态势。究其原因,在个人层面,印度公众对中国的无知与冷漠以及某些媒体记者对中国的歪曲报道直接造成这一结果;在国家层面,中印之间在边界争端、西藏问题、中印巴和中美印这四个关键议题上存在分歧,而这些敏感的议题又通过媒体的肆意渲染而影响印度公众对中国崛起的认知;印度公众对中国崛起的认知源于中印之间存在的＂安全困境＂。     

Hybridization in China's elder care service provision

Although the party‐state has embarked on a mission to increase elder care services, evaluating this development according to different sectors demonstrates certain challenges. Official statistics do not include sector‐specific information, and while provider websites suggest that elder care services are largely in public hands, Chinese experts argue that they are mostly “civilian‐run.” How can we explain these discrepancies in data on Chinese elder care? Drawing on the concept of hybridization and triangulating quantitative and qualitative data, I argue that the party‐state's efforts to “socialize” elder care provision has resulted in hybridization within the industry which blurs the line between care providers and obfuscates the stark role of the state in elder care service provision. During the implementation of state‐initiated hybridization, providers misclassify their ownership type to benefit from financial incentives or circumvent political control, resulting in even greater hybridization and fragmentation on the ground.     

Investigating the implementation of SME-friendly policy in public procurement

Public sector employees with responsibility for purchasing are under increasing pressure to implement small and medium enterprise (SME)-friendly policies. Such policies are intended to make it easier for SMEs to compete for and win public sector contracts. In spite of the socio-economic importance of this issue, there remains a dearth of evidence on what is happening in practice. Using primary survey data from 271 public buyers in Ireland, this paper examines the extent to which SME-friendly procurement policy is being implemented and the individual and organization factors that affect implementation. The findings reveal a gap between what government policy recommends public buyers and their organizations should do to facilitate SMEs versus what they are actually doing. Policy familiarity, procurement involvement, organization size and the maturity of the procurement function are shown to be positively associated with the implementation of SME-friendly policy. For managers and legislators, the findings underline the need to invest in the human capital dimension of public procurement if policy implementation rates are to improve.     

Person-oriented research ethics: integrating relational and everyday ethics in research

Research ethics is often understood by researchers primarily through the regulatory framework reflected in the research ethics review process. This regulatory understanding does not encompass the range of ethical considerations in research, notably those associated with the relational and everyday aspects of human subject research. In order to support researchers in their effort to adopt a broader lens, this article presents a “person-oriented research ethics” approach. Five practical guideposts of person-oriented research ethics are identified, as follows: (1) respect for holistic personhood; (2) acknowledgement of lived world; (3) individualization; (4) focus on researcher-participant relationships; and (5) empowerment in decision-making. These guideposts are defined and illustrated with respect to different aspects of the research process (e.g., research design, recruitment, data collection). The person-oriented research ethics approach provides a toolkit to individual researchers, research groups, and research institutions in both biomedical and social science research wishing to expand their commitment to ethics in research.     

论社会管理中公众参与的现实紧迫性及组织保障

公众参与社会管理具有紧迫性。基层群众性自治组织具有组织网络发达、便于降低社会管理成本、增强执政党合法性以及推进社会主义民主建设等优势,比其他组织更具优势。以基层群众性自治组织作为公众参与的组织保障,可以推进公众参与制度化。     

我国海洋战略与公共政策评估中存在的问题及对策

战略与公共政策评估是政策运行过程中必不可少的一个环节。在海洋政策制定程序体系中,海洋战略与公共政策评估对前承的政策执行环节进行全面评估,对后续的政策反馈与修正环节提供完善政策的科学依据。但在实际应用过程中,我国海洋战略与公共政策评估存在一些问题,阻碍了其作用的充分发挥。本文旨在针对海洋战略与公共政策评估中出现的问题,提出相应的对策,以改善我国海洋战略与公共评估的现状。     

戏剧仪式的跨界想象——基于伊瑟尔的文学人类学论述

为了回应后学的“理论终结说”与“戏剧衰退论”,伊瑟尔在文学人类学视阈下,重述虚构与想象在文本游戏中的相互作用,并且绘制其历史流变的美学图谱,进而搭建主体间性交往诗学的理论框架。伊瑟尔藉由转换问题的提问方式,达到如下双重目的：一是阐释早期接受美学所遗存之“何为戏剧”与“戏剧何为”的不解之间,二是呈现公共观演空间中身心一体的戏剧交往。