高校退休教职工生活照料状况及意愿调查研究——来自对华东师范大学退休教职工的调查

本文通过一项对华东师大退休教职工的经济状况、身体状况、生活照料状况、生活困难以及养老意愿等的问卷调查分析,从一个侧面反映出高校退休教职工的生活现状及需求,并提出解决困难、提高退休教职工生活质量的对策建议。     

城市农民工在城乡两地社会地位的比较分析及相关探讨

我国大多数城市农民工长期流动于城乡之间,同时与其户籍所在的农村及工作所在的城市保持密切联系。分析表明,农民工在农村地区的社会地位普遍高于城市地区,并且这种社会地位的相对差异无论是对农民工自身的发展还是我国的城市化进程,均表现出一定的负面作用。要改变这种状况,相应的制度改革是必要的,但更具有现实可行性和紧迫性的应是大力发展农村教育事业及各种面向农民工的职业培训工程。     

Measuring socioeconomic status in health research in developing countries: Should we be focusing on households,communities or both?

Research on the effects of socioeconomic well-being on health is important for policy makers in developing countries, where limited resources make it crucial to use existing health care resources to the best advantage. This paper develops and tests a set of measures of socioeconomic status indicators for predicting health status in developing countries. We construct socioeconomic indexes that capture both household and community attributes so as to allow us to separate the social from the purely economic dimensions of the socioeconomic status within a cross-national perspective, with applications to data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) fielded in five African countries in the 1990s. This study demonstrates the distinctive contributions of socioeconomic indexes measured at the household vs. community level in understanding inequalities in health and survival and underlines the importance of going beyond the purely economic view of socioeconomic status to cover the multidimensional as well as multilevel concept of economic and social inequality.     

中年高级知识分子健康状况的综合评估--中国知识分子健康研究报告之三

中年高级专业技术人才是党和国家的宝贵财富,是实施人才强国战略的生力军,关于中年高级知识分子“过劳死”的提法成为报纸、互联网络的热门话题,其健康问题已引起人们的高度关注。本文利用“北京市中年高级知识分子健康状况调查”数据对于其健康自评状况进行比较分析,试图用因子分析与模糊评价方法对于健康状况给以综合评价,以期了解中年高级知识分子的健康状况,希望能为进一步制定、改善和提高专业技术人才的相关政策提供科学决策依据。     

Trends in the relationship between socioeconomic status and infant mortality in metropolitan Ohio, 1960–1990

This paper presents the results of an ecological analysis of the relationship between infant mortality and economic status in metropolitan Ohio at four points in time centering on the censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990. The basic unit of analysis is the census tract of mother's usual residence, with economic status being determined by the percentage of low income families living in each tract. For each period, the census tracts were aggregated into broad income groups and three-year average infant mortality rates were computed for each area, by age, sex, race and exogenous-endogenous causes of death. The most important conclusion to be drawn from the data is that in spite of some very remarkable declines in infant mortality for all socioeconomic groups since 1960, there continues to be a very clear and pronounced inverse association between income status and infant mortality. Indeed, there is some evidence to suggest that it is stronger in 1990 than it was three decades earlier. The general inverse association is observed for both sexes, for whites and nonwhites, and for all major causes of death. At the same time, the data reveal notable variations in the pattern of the relationship over time, as well as several differences between whites and nonwhites in the nature and magnitude of the relationship. Some macro-economic hypotheses are offered to explain these temporal and racial differences in the pattern of the relationship between economic status and infant mortality.This article is an expanded version of a paper presented at the annual meetings of the Southern Demographic Association in New Orleans, 21–23 October 1993.     

Long-term effects of international migration: Lessons from Israel

The paper shows that characteristics of immigrants at the time of immigration affect both long-term occupational achievements and income at the end of the labor force career, after age 59. Data representing 174,000 Jewish males 60 and older from a 1985 survey by the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics are analyzed to show how the timing of immigration, the number of years in the country, age at immigration, country of origin, and educational resources at time of immigration are related to years in the labor force in the host country, occupational achievement, pension entitlement and income after age 59. Both direct and indirect effects are analyzed. The results show the importance of immigration characteristics on long-term socioeconomic adjustment, and the necessity of considering social status over the life course as an indicator of long-term immigrant adjustment. Decomposition of the effect of country of origin pinpoints what characteristics at time of immigration influence social status differences in ethnic groups at older ages. The discussion includes a number of methodological implications for future studies in immigration.Abbreviations AA Asian-African - CBS Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics - EA European-American This article is based on a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics, New York, March 1993. It was written while the authors were on leave from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.     

农村劳动力转移“状态”的实例分析

农村劳动力转移是一个“动态”表述,所涉及的范围应该是多方面的。本文仅从安徽省阜阳市转移的实例出发,对农村劳动力“剩余”、输出、就业、“回流”四种状态作一简短分析,从而得出结论。其一,农村贫困的根源在于不充分就业,而不充分就业在目前农村土地和其他资源有限的条件下,又以不充分转移为关键。其二,农村转移人员跨地区“流动”区域过于集中,劳务输入地边际产出明显,而输出地农业规模化生产却受到限制。其三,农村劳动力就业途径、环境与就业人员心态上存在严重“异化”现象,需从全民的道德素质和制度层面上予以改进。其四,近年内农村转移人员“回流”又以重返农业为主,在现有农村金融信贷体制下,农民创业更难。     

投资者现状偏见及其影响因素的实验研究

现状偏见是影响投资者决策的一个重要因素,现有的研究主要利用前景理论对其进行阐释。框架效应、投资者情绪以及信息结构在投资者现状偏见中发挥着重要作用,本文利用实验的方法研究了三者对投资者现状偏见的影响,研究结果表明:差值投资组合框架中投资者被试的现状偏见程度高于比率投资组合框架中投资者被试的现状偏见程度;三种情绪组中均存在投资者现状偏见,积极情绪下被试的偏见水平较低,消极情绪下被试的偏见水平较高;被试选择信息结构确定的选项是选择信息模糊选项的5倍,投资者被试对外在现状赋值的偏见程度小于自我现状赋值。     

近代旅沪定海商人论略

＂定海商人＂是宁波商人群体中重要的组成部分。虽然此前从未有人将宁波所属几邑的商人分门别类地考察研究,但是由于自然、人文的原因,＂定海商人＂确乎自成一体,别具特色。上海是宁波商帮,也是＂定海商人＂活动的重镇,因此本文从发展历程、经营范围、人文特性等几个方面,探讨近代旅沪定海商人与宁波商帮的各种从属关系,阐述定海商人在近代上海社会经济领域中的业绩和作用,同时指出因其＂归属＂问题,有被日趋＂边缘化＂之势,因此亟须加强对这一群体的研究。