Preventing Economic Hardship Among Chinese Elderly in Hong Kong

Abstract

Over the next 20 years, Hong Kong will face a rapidly aging population as the number of older adults aged 65 or above increases to approximately 1.4 million by 2021, that is, 17% of the total population. In 2001, there were 1.2 million adults aged 45-59. To assess the differences between these middle-aged adults and the current cohort of older adults, we identified the challenges that Hong Kong society will face in meeting the financial needs of older adults in the coming two decades. In this paper, we examine the retirement economic status of three groups of older adults: those who are financially independent, those who are financially supported by their adult children or children-in-law, and those who are receiving welfare assistance. We describe the current situations of these groups, prevailing social policy, future trends, and recommend policies for tackling problem areas.     

略谈非英语专业本科生的英语教学

本文对非英语专业本科生的英语教学状况进行调查并加以分析,提出建议。     

Factors Associated With Productive Engagement Among Older South Koreans

ABSTRACT

 Although positive relationships among health, types of activities, and productive aging have been documented in Western industrial nations, little attention has been paid to rapidly developing countries. This study examined unique factors using national South Korean data. Community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and older (n = 6,688) were drawn from Wave II of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the main and interaction effects related to labor force participation (LFP) and lifelong-learning participation (LLP). Whereas one third (34.4%) of the respondents were involved in LFP, LLP was extremely low (6.8%). Health and socioeconomic status were significant in conducting LFP and LLP. Depression and cognition contributed to LFP but not LLP. Older men who reported higher levels of depression were less likely to engage in LLP than were their female peers. For female respondents, the social activities of exercise and alumni meetings contributed to the likelihood of LLP. Given the lower socioeconomic characteristics and low participation in lifelong learning, it is essential to establish financial incentives to encourage activity participation and develop programs to promote productive aging in South Korea. Future studies should consider the impact of environments and social policy on productive engagement.     

Economic Well-Being Among Older-Adult Households: Variation by Veteran and Disability Status

This analysis uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine whether veteran and disability statuses are jointly associated with poverty and material hardship among households that include an older adult. Compared to households that do not include a person with a disability or veteran, disabled nonveteran households are more likely to be in poverty and to experience home hardship, medical hardship, and bill-paying hardship. Disabled veteran households are not significantly different in terms of poverty, but exhibit the highest odds of home hardship, medical hardship, bill-paying hardship, and food insufficiency. The implications for social work practice are discussed.     

汉代“少吏”的研究现状与前瞻

汉代“少吏”指汉代官僚群体中有百石、斗食、佐史之秩的低级官吏。因其位处官僚结构底层,向为治秦汉制度史者所忽视。通过对百年（1914-2011）来汉代少吏的研究现状之综述,指出目前汉代少吏诸多方面亟待学者深入探讨。如汉代少吏的历史沿革,汉代社会的少吏名目、人数及分布状况,汉代社会的少吏制度,汉代少吏与其他社会势力（各级官僚、豪族、宗族）的互动关系,汉代少吏的趋贱历程等。汉代少吏是一座亟待学者挖掘的矿藏,是一个值得关注的研究课题。     

社会地位、生活境遇与焦虑

本文运用定量研究方法,探讨了人们的社会地位和遭受不公正对待的生活境遇在焦虑形成中的作用。研究表明,社会地位（包括客观地位和主观地位）和生活境遇对焦虑的产生具有明显的影响,社会地位低的群体和生活境遇中遭受过不公正对待的人,更易产生焦虑。这些由社会地位和生活境遇等因素导致的焦虑对于个体的影响是偏向消极的;在社会因素的持续作用下,具有焦虑特征的个体增多,焦虑有可能从个体的心理问题转化为社会的心理问题。     

公交车司机心理健康状况调查与分析——以成都地区为例

本调查运用SCL-90量表对成都地区公交车司机心理健康状况进行随机抽样调查。结果显示,公交车司机心理健康状况不容乐观;公交车司机的婚姻质量对心理健康存在影响;学历越高的公交车司机心理健康水平越低;中年公交车司机心理健康水平最低;男性公交车司机心理健康水平较女性更低。据此,对提高公交车司机的心理健康水平笔者提出了适当的建议。     

农村老年女性的生存状况、社会地位与发展对策——以第三期北京市妇女社会地位调查样本为例

集年龄、地域、性别三种弱势于一体的北京农村老年女性普遍存在受教育程度低、丧偶率高以及健康状况差三个基本特征。在这些特征的影响下,农村老年女性群体浮现出众多生存问题,主要表现在经济收入较低、生活负担较重以及生活方式较单调、家务劳动繁重两个方面。同时,农村老年女性由于政治参与度低,思想较为保守,往往忽视自身的社会功能和价值。对此,应加强社会保障,为农村老年女性提供更多的参与社会生活的机会,并不断改善其生活条件,以切实提高农村老年女性的生活质量。     

海峡两岸机场法律地位比较研究

海峡两岸业已开展航空直航多年,但两岸航空立法差异明显,严重影响了航空直航的进一步推进。尽管两岸尚未统一,但航空直航却迫使两岸就法律协调问题尽快提出法律对策,以促进两岸航空直航,为解决相关争议提供制度选择。机场的法律地位涉及承运人、旅客及货主权利之保护基础,是两岸航空立法协调的重要内容之一。两岸对机场定义的差异立法反映了立法技术的不同。中国大陆立法将机场看作公共设施,而台湾地区立法未确认其公共基础设施或公益性设施地位。这种功能差异导致两岸机场管理的内在约束与外在强制完全不同,同时导致两岸机场私法地位呈现不同的面貌。     

阜阳市农村土地流转的现状、问题与发展对策研究

当前城市化和农村经济的发展加快了土地流转市场的发展步伐。随着阜阳市农业结构调整和农民工的大量外流,土地流转的市场化程度不断加深,但土地流转依然存在一些制约因素。对阜阳市土地流转的途径进行探讨,并给出了一些对策建议。