从自然状态到原初状态--罗尔斯对古典契约理论的修正

罗尔斯的原初状态对古典契约理论的自然状态进行了两点主要的修正:一是将自然状态变成了可以根据理性的需要而任意设定和修改的状态;二是将霍布斯、洛克和卢梭等人契约理论中的原子式个人变成了只具备个人某些属性的个体。在这两点修正的基础上,罗尔斯得出了契约(公平正义)理论优于功利主义理论的结论。其实,这种修正并没有使他摆脱古典契约理论的困境。新契约理论面临的问题依然是古典契约理论面临的问题。     

物流业技术效率及全要素生产率研究现状

物流业的技术效率及全要素生产效率研究近年来成为热点。数据包络分析以及随机前沿函数模型等物流业技术效率与全要素生产率测度的方法与传统计量方法相比具有很大优势,但现有研究方法中缺乏不同方法计算结果的对比,缺乏对影响物流技术效率的环境因素的分析,及对物流技术进步与技术效率演变趋势的探讨等研究的不足。未来应该采用考虑环境因素的全要素生产率分析方法来研究中国省际物流业技术效率及全要素生产率差距问题,这将是一个具有重大理论意义和实际意义的课题。     

试论仲裁制度的法律性质及我国仲裁机构责任制度的建立

本文拟通过对仲裁制度的性质 ,仲裁机构的性质 ,仲裁当事人、仲裁员、仲裁机构之间的关系的论述 ,探讨在我国建立仲裁机构责任制度的可能性 ,以便当事人在仲裁裁决被法院撤销或被裁定不予执行时有救济的途径     

大学生政治认同感现状调查与教育对策研究

通过分片随机抽样与多层次抽样,对6559个样本大学生进行政治认同感的问卷调查分析。调查发现,当前大学生政治认同感较高,且与家庭、社会背景等因素有密切关系;但理性政治分析、判断及参与能力有待提高。提出专业学习与思政教育相结合、理论学习与实践活动相结合、家庭—学校—社区相结合的立体化思想政治教育对策。     

Popularity breeds contempt: The evolution of reputational dislike relations and friendships in high school

In this study, we examined the dynamics of the perception of “dislike” ties (reputational dislike) among adolescents within the contexts of friendship, perceived popularity, substance use, and Facebook use. Survey data were collected from a longitudinal sample of 238 adolescents from the 11th and 12th grades in one California high school. We estimated stochastic actor-based network dynamic models, using reports of reputational dislike, friendships, and perceived popularity, to identify factors associated with the maintenance and generation reputational dislike ties. The results showed that high-status adolescents and more frequent Facebook users tended to become perceived as or stay disliked by their peers over time. There was a tendency for friendships to promote the creation and maintenance of reputational disliking but not vice versa. Adolescents tended to perceive others as disliked when their friends also perceived them as disliked. There was no evidence that either cigarette smoking or drinking alcohol affected reputational dislike dynamics. This study highlights the important role that the hierarchical peer system, online peer context, and friendships play in driving information diffusion of negative peer relations among adolescents.     

Till Death Do Us Part: Marital Status and U.S. Mortality Trends, 1986 – 2000

Although the association of being married and a lower mortality rate has been well established, most previous research on marital status and mortality did not consider potential change in this relationship over time. In this study, I adopted a survey cohort perspective to examine both overall and cause‐specific mortality trends by marital status from 1986 to 2000 in the United States. On the basis of data from the National Health Interview Survey‐Longitudinal Mortality Follow‐up (N = 517,314), I found that mortality generally decreased or remained stable for the married from the 1986 to 2000 NHIS cohort, except for diabetes deaths. There is evidence showing divergent mortality trends between the married and unmarried, especially the widowed. Race and gender variations are examined.     

日据时期海南岛上的日语教育研究

日军侵占海南岛后,在短时间内建立起了从幼儿园、小学、中学到农业学校、师范学校的比较完整的日语教育体系。由于起步晚,持续时间短等原因,海南日语教育尚未达到规范化程度,各校间的教育情况差别较大,具有较强的随意性。然而无论在哪一级学校,日语教育都处于绝对核心地位。日语教育的目的在于摧毁岛民的反抗力,抹杀岛民的民族性,为永久占领海南岛奠定文化基础。     

Understanding Normative Growth and Development in Aging

No abstract available for this article.     

对商业流通地位理论与实践的思考

随着社会主义市场经济体制的确立,商业经济理论也进入新的发展时期,在阐述和介绍商业流通理论、商业流通地位理论的基础上,本文就如何强化商业流通地位提出四点认识。     

The Effects of Participation Rate on the Internal Reliability of Peer Nomination Measures

Although low participation rates have historically been considered problematic in peer nomination research, some researchers have recently argued that small proportions of participants can, in fact, provide adequate sociometric data. The current study used a classical measurement perspective to investigate the internal reliability (Cronbach's α) of peer nomination measures of acceptance, popularity, friendship, prosocial behavior, and overt aggression. Data from 642 participants attending 10 schools were resampled at different participation rates ranging from 5 percent to 100 percent of the original samples. Results indicated that (1) the association between participation rate and Cronbach's α was curvilinear across schools and variables; (2) collecting more data for a given variable (by using unlimited vs. limited nominations, or two vs. one items) was significantly related to higher internal reliability; and (3) certain variables (overt aggression, popularity) were more reliable than others (acceptance, friendship). Implications for future research were discussed.