Social Status as a Predictor of Race and Gender Stereotypes in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence

We examined race and gender stereotypes in fourth‐, sixth‐ and eighth‐grade White and Black children. The participants reported their perceptions of the competence of Black, White, female and male children in academic domains, sports and music. In general, low‐status groups (girls and Black children) did not endorse stereotypes that reflected negatively on their own group but were likely to report stereotypes that favored their social group. High‐status groups (boys and Whites) endorsed most traditional stereotypes, whether negative or positive, for their social group. Where age differences appeared, older children were more likely than younger children to report traditional stereotypes and status effects were more pronounced. The results are discussed in terms of group enhancement and relationships between social stereotypes and self‐views.     

德国汉语教学现状与汉语推广策略的思考

德国近年来汉语教学发展迅速,呈现出培训机构众多、学习需求多样等特点,但也存在师资认证困难、教材种类单一等诸多问题。文章以德国柏林自由大学孔子学院为例,对汉语课程设置、语言教学活动组织方面的实用性和灵活性进行了说明;同时,还结合跨文化交际中“有效接触”的观点,从推广思路、平台建设等方面提出了7条对德语言推广策略。     

世界城市背景下北京文化贸易现状分析与对策研究

在北京建设世界城市的背景下,北京文化贸易的发展日益得到重视,机遇与挑战并存。把握世界城市与文化贸易发展研究现状,对当前国际文化贸易的发展态势以及北京发展文化贸易的优势和存在的问题进行系统分析,探索世界城市背景下北京发展文化贸易的新策略,促进北京文化贸易大力发展,进而提升北京的文化影响力,对北京建设世界城市具有重要的战略意义。     

对山西省高校高水平运动员学籍管理现状的调查与分析

采用文献资料调研法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,对山西省高校高水平运动员学籍管理现状进行了研究与分析。研究结果表明:山西高校所招收的高水平运动员都能按照各校学籍管理规定按时完成入学与注册手续的办理,但是部分学校存在高水平运动员的"挂靠"现象;在成绩的考核与记载方面,山西大部分高校对运动员大学生都采用插班教学,与普通大学生使用相同的教学大纲、教学进度,在考试时使用相同的试卷,在成绩记载时依据体育竞赛的成绩给予相应加分的办法。     

近三十年新疆高校少数民族汉语教学研究述评

文章对1979年以来发表在新疆主要刊物和区外核心刊物中的423篇高校少数民族汉语教学研究论文进行了统计分析。在30年的发展中其成绩主要表现在研究基础不断扩大、研究论题走向广泛与细化、研究方法有一定的改进。而存在的主要缺憾是研究内容不深入、研究方法单一,定量和定性研究重视不够等问题。目前新疆高校少数民族汉语教育虽然有较大发展,但在教学上过度依赖对外汉语教学,在研究层次上仍处于相对较低的水平。     

汉代造物设计地位锥指

造物设计就是治国;治国就是设计。设计从来没有像汉代社会这样突出而富有意义。在中央,有少府掌管各种造物部门、工艺作坊与工场。在地方,有郡县工官设置;造物设计被纳入封建伦理与礼乐制度的范围之中。就造物设计在当时社会中的地位作初步论述,以期探明汉代设计艺术兴盛与辉煌背后的社会历史要素,以期唤醒当代社会对设计艺术的高度重视。     

A case–control study relating railroad worker mortality to diesel exhaust exposure using a threshold regression model

A case–control study of lung cancer mortality in U.S. railroad workers in jobs with and without diesel exhaust exposure is reanalyzed using a new threshold regression methodology. The study included 1256 workers who died of lung cancer and 2385 controls who died primarily of circulatory system diseases. Diesel exhaust exposure was assessed using railroad job history from the US Railroad Retirement Board and an industrial hygiene survey. Smoking habits were available from next-of-kin and potential asbestos exposure was assessed by job history review. The new analysis reassesses lung cancer mortality and examines circulatory system disease mortality. Jobs with regular exposure to diesel exhaust had a survival pattern characterized by an initial delay in mortality, followed by a rapid deterioration of health prior to death. The pattern is seen in subjects dying of lung cancer, circulatory system diseases, and other causes. The unique pattern is illustrated using a new type of Kaplan–Meier survival plot in which the time scale represents a measure of disease progression rather than calendar time. The disease progression scale accounts for a healthy-worker effect when describing the effects of cumulative exposures on mortality.     

The Increasingly Mixed Proportional Hazard Model: An Application to Socioeconomic Status,Health Shocks,and Mortality

We introduce a duration model that allows for unobserved cumulative individual-specific shocks, which are likely to be important in explaining variations in duration outcomes, such as length of life and time spent unemployed. The model is also a useful tool in situations where researchers observe a great deal of information about individuals when first interviewed in surveys but little thereafter. We call this model the “increasingly mixed proportional hazard” (IMPH) model. We compare and contrast this model with the mixed proportional hazard (MPH) model, which continues to be the workhorse of applied single-spell duration analysis in economics and the other social sciences. We apply the IMPH model to study the relationships among socioeconomic status, health shocks, and mortality, using 19 waves of data drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The IMPH model is found to fit the data statistically better than the MPH model, and unobserved health shocks and socioeconomic status are shown to play powerful roles in predicting longevity.     

学籍管理的电子信息化

对电子信息化的学籍档案管理工作模式进行了初步探讨。从学籍信息获取、维护、查询以及交换方面进行了详细描述,并结合典型校园网信息平台的特点,给出了关键部分的实现方式,提出了实现以上方案所需的关键条件。最后对学籍管理电子信息的前景做了展望。     

沉默的大多数:差序格局与环境抗争

2003年全国综合社会调查显示,城镇居民在遭受环境危害后,只有38.29%的人进行过抗争,高达61.71%的人选择了沉默。对这一现象的研究发现,一个人社会经济地位越高、社会关系网络规模越大或势力越强、关系网络的疏通能力越强,对环境危害作出抗争的可能性就越高,反之则选择沉默的可能性越高。据此可以认为,中国城镇居民面对环境危害时的行为反应深受差序格局的影响;在遭受环境危害后之所以有抗争或沉默的行为差异,是由于在差序格局下,不同社会经济地位的人通过社会关系网络所能支配和调用的资源不同。