多边贸易体制下中国发展中国家地位问题研究——基于历史、现实与规范的多维考察

当前,发展中国家地位问题受到国际社会的高度关注,已成为世界贸易组织改革中的主要讨论议题。然而,现行世界贸易组织多边规则体系中并没有关于“发展中国家地位”的清晰界定,“自我认定”的方式正遭受一些国家的挑战。发展中国家地位和特殊与差别待遇条款密切相关,世界贸易组织规则体系中涵盖的155项特殊与差别待遇条款为发展中国家的国内政策提供了一定的灵活性,尽管多数为“最佳努力条款”。中国的发展中国家地位兼具身份和契约的双重属性,部分发达国家迫使中国放弃发展中国家地位,本质上旨在继续维持其在国际经济秩序中的主导地位。虽然中国的发展正处于“强起来”的第三阶段,但仍须坚持发展中国家地位不动摇。放弃发展中国家地位并不等于将获得发达国家的自动接纳,相反,还会影响到在其他国际组织和国际事务中的角色扮演,中国的发展离不开广大发展中国家的支持。当然,坚持发展中国家地位并不等于需要和其他发展中成员享受完全一致的差别待遇,在后续谈判中,中国可以保持一定的灵活性。在国际治理中,中国也将继续为国际社会的发展提供解决方案,树立负责任大国形象。     

Effective elements of care-physical activity initiatives for adults with a low socioeconomic status: A concept mapping study with health promotion experts

In care-physical activity (care-PA) initiatives, primary care and sports are combined to stimulate PA among adults at risk of lifestyle related diseases. Preliminary results from Dutch care-PA initiatives for adults with a low socioeconomic status (SES) indicate a decrease in participants’ body weight and an improved quality of life, however, the elements that make these initiatives successful are yet to be identified. In total, 19 Dutch health promotion experts participated in our concept mapping (CM) of the effective elements of care-PA initiatives for adults with a low SES. The experts identified 111 effective elements of these initiatives, which were grouped into 11 clusters, focusing on: 1) approaching participants within the care-PA initiative, 2) barriers experienced throughout the initiative, 3) long-term implementation, 4) customizing the care-PA initiative to the target population, 5) social support, 6) structure and guidance, 7) the professionals within the care-PA initiative, 8) the accessibility of the care-PA initiative, 9) targeted behaviour and progression, 10) recruitment and administration, and 11) intersectoral collaboration. CM was useful for creating a valuable overview of these effective elements. Our results could be used to improve the development and implementation of future care-PA initiatives for adults with a low SES.     

中国农民工问题及其解决对策的探讨

农民工是改革开放后新形成的一个阶层,他们工作、生活在城市,但家和户口在农村,由此引发和衍生出工资常被克扣和拖欠、享受公共服务少、子女入托入学困难和缺乏基本社会保障等“农民工问题”。构建和谐社会,就是要使各方面利益关系得到有效协调,其中很重要的一个方面就是解决农民工问题,各级政府和全社会应把它作为一项重大的社会工程去完成。     

Investigating the differential mobility experiences of Chinese cross-border students

Recent migration studies have adopted the lens of mobility to examine the stratifying effects of border policies, but few investigate the differential mobility of migrant families and children. This paper aims to contribute to the migration literature by considering the interplay between border policies, family configurations, and differential mobility. We apply the lens of differential mobility to the experiences of Chinese cross-border pupils – young child migrants with Hong Kong permanent residency who reside in Shenzhen, China, and cross the border to attend school. We begin by describing shifts in Hong Kong’s border and immigration policies since 1997, which have created a typology of families differentiated by mixed status, citizenship rights, and mobility. We then turn to four case studies of students with unequal border-crossing experiences to elucidate how border control constrains or promotes family mobility and perpetuates inequalities.     

大学生新党员思想教育和培养工作的现状与创新研究

针对大学生新党员教育现状和培养工作的现状与创新性研究进行了科学有效的探索实践,从多方位、多角度、多层次对大学生党建工作进行了系统研究分析,把理论教育和实践教育相结合,把新党员教育和开展活动相结合,把支部建设和创新实践相结合,使大学生新党员教育培养工作更具系统性、针对性和时代性。     

吉林省四平地区老年人健康影响因素及对策探析

为了解吉林省四平地区老年人的健康状况及其影响因素,制定有效的防治对策,采用现场体检及问卷调查的方式,对该地区1 059位60岁及以上老年人的健康现状进行调查。老年人健康状况不容乐观,慢性病患病率较高。其中慢性病患病率位于前五位的依次为心脏病、高血压、糖尿病、骨关节病、脑血管病。老年人健康影响因素包括吸烟、饮酒、饮食、睡眠、锻炼身体等。提出注重健康影响因素、提高老年人健康水平的具体对策。     

Who Is the Residential Parent? Understanding Discrepancies in Unmarried Parents' Reports

Research examining parental reports of children's living arrangements has often relied on information about legally ordered custody agreements following divorce. This analysis used data from matched pairs of parents (N = 1,156) in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study who live apart to compare mother and father reports of their child's residence 5 years after a nonmarital birth. The authors found that over one third of unmarried parents disagreed about who their child lived with and that conflicting reports were much more likely when fathers spent nights with the mother (an indicator of part‐time cohabitation) and had overnights with the child on their own. The results further suggest that discrepancies in unmarried parents' reports were more closely associated with the complexity and ambiguity of their living situations than with the quality of their relationships with each other. Implications for measuring children's living arrangements in families formed outside of marriage are discussed.     

云南民俗文化在云南经济中的地位和作用

云南少数民族众多,民族文化资源丰富,云南的多元民族文化主体几乎就是由各民族的不同民俗风情构成的。自1996年云南提出建设文化大省的思路以来,云南文化产业已取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益,并探索出了"政府主导、民族文化主打、旅游助推、龙头带动、文化事业产业互动"的文化产业发展机制。分析民俗文化在经济中的地位和作用,对助推"民族文化"的"主打"作用具有十分重要而直接的意义。本文从当代经济文化一体化的基本理论出发,结合云南文化与经济发展的历史渊源,分析了云南民俗文化的类型与特点,论证了云南民俗文化在云南经济中的地位和作用。     

命题的本格初探

命题是逻辑哲学的核心概念,许多哲学家提出了自己关于命题本格的观点。弗雷格认为命题即被构造的思想,罗素认为命题是由词项构成的统一体,维特根斯坦认为命题是可能世界的集合。辨析以上观点可以指认:命题是被构造的抽象实体,它是真值载体,独立于自然语言而存在,具有合法的本体论地位。     

新农村建设中农民主体地位实现的信息化路径

农民是实践主体与价值主体的统一体,其主体地位的实现与否直接关系到社会主义新农村建设的成败。信息化与农民主体地位的实现具有一定的内在联结,实现农民主体地位是信息化在农村的发展目标,信息化在农村的发展要以农民主体地位的实现为基础,两者统一于社会主义新农村建设。在新农村建设中,应该以信息化激发农民的主体意识,提高农民的文化素质,拓宽农民利益表达渠道,改善农村公共服务水平,以此推动农民主体地位的实现。