试论社会发展与妇女参政

女性政治参与是人类社会历史发展的必然趋势,是民主政治组成中不可或缺的部分。无论是从妇女参政的历史走向还是从社会与妇女参政的互为发展来看,推进中国妇女参与国家和社会公共事务的实效性,有利于促进女性的全面发展。     

Self-hatred,the right to a life,and the tasks of mid-life

In this article the developmental tasks of mid-life are explored. The difficulty that self-hatred brings to the mid-life passage and the contribution of both separation guilt and survivor guilt to self-hatred are discussed. Clinical work with a mid-life woman struggling to believe that she has a right to a life is presented.     

The Care–tech Link: An Examination of Gender,Care and Technical Work in Healthcare Labour

Despite the dramatic increase of technology in the healthcare field, little is known of how care work and technical work are related. Examining substitute healthcare providers offers a useful illustration of the care–tech link because nursing (care) and medical (technical) models often merge. Forty‐two interviews with men and women (nurse practitioners, nurse anaesthetists and physician assistants) were conducted in the USA. The results showed that the gendered nature of care–tech boundaries has shifted in small but important ways and that the gendering of work influenced the shape of these boundaries. Men often encountered barriers when moving too far into the care realm and attempted to overcome this by ‘caring cautiously’ and emphasizing problem‐solving care. Women faced similar barriers from the ‘old boys network’ when they entered highly technical areas. There is also evidence that men and women challenged existing care–tech boundaries and moved beyond their traditional roles.     

从审美角度谈培养女大学生学习太极拳兴趣

太极拳具有阴柔美、曲线美、流畅美、名称美、意境美等美学特征。通过分析,女大学生一般拥有较深厚的文化功底,且具有热爱中国的传统文化、爱美等心理特点,在教学中根据女大学生的审美心理规律,从审美的角度优化太极拳教学,引发由欣赏—羡慕—向往—理解—实践—愉悦的心理效应,激发与培养女大学生学习太极拳的兴趣。     

从角色转变解读流动女性犯罪

我国城市流动女性犯罪正日益呈现犯罪类型多样化和犯罪趋势严重化的态势,对社会以及对女性自身的危害在不断扩大和加剧,应当引起全社会的广泛关注。论文通过对北京市某看守所女犯的实证研究,从角色转变角度研究流动女性的犯罪问题,提出从改善社会性别制度入手,预防和控制流动女性犯罪。     

清真女学与农村回族妇女人力资源的开发——以宁夏韦州镇为例

随着社会主义市场经济的进一步深化，农村妇女越来越成为农村的主要劳动力。开发西部农村回族妇女人力资源，对促进西部民族地区经济的发展有着非常重要的作用。清真女学的兴起，为农村回族妇女的再教育、再就业提供了新的发展平台，成为回族社会人力资源开发的一个重要途径。     

农村回族妇女观念革新与人口素质提高——以宁夏兴泾镇为个案

农村回族成年女性的思想观念不仅关系家庭的稳定和进步，还影响着下一代的成长，影响着地方经济的发展。提高回族妇女的整体素质，对发展当地经济，提高人口素质，推进新农村建设发展步伐．都具有至关重要的作用。     

从田纳西·威廉斯的三部名剧看美国南方女性的悲哀

田纳西·威廉斯是美国著名的剧作家。他以塑造南方女性形象而闻名美国剧坛。本文基于美国南方历史文化的发展，对他20世纪40年代的三部名剧《玻璃动物园》、《欲望号街车》和《夏天和烟》中感人至深的三位女主人公阿曼达、布兰奇和阿尔玛进行了评析，指出这三位南方女性是种植园体制的产物，她们展示的是一代南方女性命运的悲剧，揭示了女性不能自强自立就要走向毁灭的道理。     

明清时期战乱等暴力因素与徽州节烈妇女

明清贞节观念是中国历史上最强的时期，明清时期徽州节烈现象与其他地方相比，尤为突出。学者从不同的角度分析明清节烈风气特别是徽州妇女节烈现象形成的原因，但普遍忽略了一个问题，那就是战争等暴力因素也是导致明清大批节烈妇女出现的重要原因。明清时期，战乱频仍，在节烈风气浓厚的徽州，战乱中男子大量死亡，必然导致大量妇女的守节；更多的是妇女面对兵匪的强暴，以身殉节，甚至导致集体殉烈。除了战乱以外，地方豪强强娶、流氓凌辱等暴力因素也可能导致妇女的殉烈。明清时期徽州处于战乱等暴力中殉烈的妇女，实质上是暴徒的迫害与徽州浓厚的节烈风气联合造成的产物。     

The consumer expenditures of elderly women: Racial,marital, and rural/urban impacts

This research, using data from the interview component of the 1990 Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES), examines the main and interaction effects of race, marital status, and residence on the economic well-being of women 65 years or older (N=3,205). Economic well-being is measured by total annualized expenditures of the household for goods and services. The first hypothesis is supported: race, marital status, and urban or rural residence each has a major effect on the economic well-being of older women after adjusting for the effects of age and household size. The characteristics of nonwhite, nonmarried, and rural are associated with lower economic well-being. The second hypothesis is not supported: race, marital status, and residence do not interact to produce differences in the economic well-being of older women. Both hypotheses are examined by analysis of covariance. The results show the economic diversity of older women and the persistent effects of race, marital status, and rural or urban residence on the economic well-being of older women regardless of age and household size. This research was conducted at the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (Family Economics Research Group), Hyattsville, MD, July 1992, where Dr. Kivett was a Visiting Scientist at the time. Appreciation is expressed to the staff of the Family Economics Research Group for their technical assistance at all stages of the research. and 1992 Visiting Professor at the Family Economics Research Group, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Her current research interests include the family supports and relationships of older retired migrants. She received her Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her current research interests include the economic status of elderly American households. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Maryland.