近代中国妇女问题小说中的女杰形象及其审美意义

近代中国文坛产生了一批反映妇女问题的小说,其中塑造了不少中国女杰形象,她们大都具有崭新的思想品格和崇高的理想追求,敢于冲决封建礼教的牢笼,走出家门或国门,发挥才智能力于社会,以女性身份做成轰轰烈烈的事业,从而突破了传统女性形象的固有模式。这些形象虽然也存在着一些缺陷,但在她们身上,却反映了近代女性观的新变和先进女性的精神风貌,印证了女性价值及社会角色从传统向现代的转变,寄托着小说家等先进之士的理想人格。     

回顾与前瞻：关于改革开放以来马克思主义妇女理论创新与发展的思考

改革开放以来,马克思主义妇女解放理论在研究方法上的突破有三点：一是加强了理论体系的研究,表现为对原著的研读、提炼和反思;二是加强了对实践经验的总结与思考,包括对历史经验的分析与升华,也包括马克思主义妇女理论在社会实践中的应用等;三是提出了建立马克思主义妇女理论体系的概念,包括马克思主义妇女学的学科的构建。另外,在理论层面的进展还包括比较系统地思考了妇女解放与阶级解放的关系、生产力发展水平与妇女地位的关系以及妇女解放与社会发展的阶段性问题等;在现实问题上的突破,则主要表现为运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法对改革开放以来妇女发展与性别平等的相关问题,进行深入研究并提出比较可行的对策。     

关于妇女发展状况主观感受评价指标体系的研究——以杭州为例

本文研究了妇女发展状况主观感受评价指标体系的构成和各维度的重要性问题。结果显示：评价指标体系可以由9个维度和54个三级指标构成;根据权重得分,9个维度在评价体系中的重要性程度有所不同,排序结果依次为心理和生理健康、经济地位、就业与工作环境、社会地位、家庭地位、医疗保障、政治权利、文化生活和对妇联工作的认识。研究表明,该评价指标体系能够较好地反映妇女群体对自身发展状况的主观感受,并具有较好的信度和效度。     

论加拿大华裔女作家李斯嘉的《残月楼》

本文所论的长篇小说《残月楼》是９０年代加拿大华裔女作家李斯嘉的代表作品，在当今西方文坛上颇有影响。文中认为该作品真实地再现了百余年的华人移民史和四代移民妇女的命运，同时论及华人社区的发展，并分析了作品中的几位女性人物。     

论世界贸易组织的法律地位

关贸总协定从严格的法律意义上讲并不是一个正式的国际组织，只具有准国际组织的性质。世界贸易组织克服了关贸总协定的先天不足，成为了正式的全球性的政府间国际经济组织。它具有独立的法律人格，享有由各成员国授予的实现其宗旨和执行其职能所必要的法律行为能力，在一定范围内的国际关系中，作为国际法主体，同主权国家或其他国际组织进行有效的交往。世界贸易组织及其职员和成员国的代表享有的特权和豁免与联合国专门机构特权和豁免公约所规定的原则相类似。深入研究世界贸易组织的法律地位问题，有利于更好地发挥其调整世界经济贸易关系的作用。     

Optimal Composite Markers for Time‐Dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves with Censored Survival Data

Abstract. To increase the predictive abilities of several plasma biomarkers on the coronary artery disease (CAD)‐related vital statuses over time, our research interest mainly focuses on seeking combinations of these biomarkers with the highest time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. An extended generalized linear model (EGLM) with time‐varying coefficients and an unknown bivariate link function is used to characterize the conditional distribution of time to CAD‐related death. Based on censored survival data, two non‐parametric procedures are proposed to estimate the optimal composite markers, linear predictors in the EGLM model. Estimation methods for the classification accuracies of the optimal composite markers are also proposed. In the article we establish theoretical results of the estimators and examine the corresponding finite‐sample properties through a series of simulations with different sample sizes, censoring rates and censoring mechanisms. Our optimization procedures and estimators are further shown to be useful through an application to a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing angiography.     

Women under protection – in hiding from violent men

In Sweden in 2007, 11,047 people, out of a population of around nine million were living under at-risk conditions requiring protective measures for their safety. Sixty per cent were women, most of them hiding from men who had battered them and were still threatening and stalking them. In this research and intervention study, a group of women in hiding were given different kinds of support and 23 women were interviewed. These women struggle to make a living, work or study, and their finances are extremely strained. Their social networks/interactions are nonexistent. Living under constant threat and insecurity has an adverse impact on the women's health. The community is obliged, for economic and security reasons, to support battered women. There are still severe shortcomings with regard to security. One recommendation is the institution of personal protection officers, i.e. specially trained social service caseworkers able to support the woman once protection measures have been decided.     

Till Death Do Us Part: Marital Status and U.S. Mortality Trends, 1986 – 2000

Although the association of being married and a lower mortality rate has been well established, most previous research on marital status and mortality did not consider potential change in this relationship over time. In this study, I adopted a survey cohort perspective to examine both overall and cause‐specific mortality trends by marital status from 1986 to 2000 in the United States. On the basis of data from the National Health Interview Survey‐Longitudinal Mortality Follow‐up (N = 517,314), I found that mortality generally decreased or remained stable for the married from the 1986 to 2000 NHIS cohort, except for diabetes deaths. There is evidence showing divergent mortality trends between the married and unmarried, especially the widowed. Race and gender variations are examined.     

Jacob Mincer and Labor Supply–Before and Aftermath

This paper discusses the impact that Jacob Mincer's 1962 paper Labor-Force Participation of Married Women... had on the analysis and empirical estimation of the labor supply of married women, and the supply of labor in general. It is argued that this paper has revolutionized the analysis of labor supply. The sharp increase in married women's labor supply still constitutes a challenge to labor economists who try to explain the phenomenon in terms of income and price effects derived from cross-section studies. It constituted a puzzle to labor economists in the 1950s and 1960s, still captives of the notion of a backwards-bending supply of labor. Mincer combined a theoretical model distinguishing between three uses of time (leisure, work at home, and work in the market) and Friedman's distinction between permanent and transitory earning. He showed that the wage has a positive effect on married women's labor supply, and that this supply is more affected by transitory than by permanent income changes. The new theory serves as the scaffold on which Mincer builds the empirical estimation. The interplay between theory, data, and empirical estimation, and the ingenuity of the empirical research using scant data sources, made this paper the object of emulation. The ideas first discussed in this paper generated many of the developments in the analysis of labor supply witnessed over the last four decades.     

妇女是否参加工作与男女平等没有必然联系吗？

前一段时间,国内一些报刊媒体所热烈讨论的有关"妇女回家"的论点,是与马克思主义的妇女解放理论不相符合的,也是和男女平等的基本国策背道而驰的;单方面让妇女回家决不是从根本上解决我国社会就业问题的良策.