论大额电子资金划拨系统规则的法律地位——以降低系统风险为出发点

系统风险不仅牵动着大额电子资金划拨系统运营者和系统成员的利益,更影响着一国的经济安全与金融竞争力。就降低系统风险而言,资金划拨系统规则发挥着主导作用,立法应承认并鼓励系统规则的制度创新。我国大额电子资金划拨立法应该借鉴美国《统一商法典》第4A编和《国际贷记划拨示范法》的做法,明确系统规则的法律地位。     

Socio-demographic Differences in Self-reported Psychological Distress Among 25- to 64-Year-Old Finns

Background Mental health problems are a major public health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of socio-demographic characteristics associated with different domains of psychological distress in Finland. Methods Data source was a nationwide survey “Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population” (AVTK), from years 2002 to 2003 (N = 5425; response rate 66%). Psychological distress was measured by self-reported questions of general mental health (MHI-5), depression, insomnia and stress. Socio-demographic factors included education, employment status, partnership and children living in the household. Main analyses were conducted by multivariate logistic regression. Results Education, employment and partnership were associated with most of the psychological distress outcomes. Respondents with a lower educational level had poor mental health in both genders but less insomnia and stress in men. Those with an intermediate education had the least stress in women. The unemployed and retired were at a higher risk for poor mental health and depression. Moreover, employment status was associated with insomnia and stress in men. Respondents not having a partner showed a higher risk of psychological distress according to all measures. Not having children living in the household was associated with insomnia in women and with less stress in men. Conclusions Socio-demographic factors, such as having a partner and employment status, are associated with several measures of psychological distress indicating the importance of social and economic factors to psychological well-being. The association of education and of having children living at home varies by the domain of psychological distress measure.     

健康教育项目的探索与实践

系统地总结了甘肃省人口和计划生育委员会在甘南藏族自治州开展的“妇女生殖健康教育项目”。从项目的背景、发展策略和实施过程三个方面时这一项目进行了总结和讨论,以期为进一步扩展项目受益范围。提高项目收益水平提供必要的经验指导。     

踏上涅槃之路——托妮·莫里森小说的女性主义解读

托妮.莫里森对自己的定位是"黑人女性作家",她多年来也始终围绕着种族与性别这两大主题进行着女性主义书写。在她的八部小说中有七部以女性为主角,而在仅有的一部以男性为主角的小说《所罗门之歌》中,女性人物的形象同样丰满突出。这样看来,读莫里森的小说就仿佛是在看一幕幕黑人女性成长的悲剧。其实,在莫里森的小说中有一条清晰的主线,即在性别与种族的双重压迫之下黑人女性踏上了一条自我追寻之路。莫里森的八部小说围绕着影响黑人女性一生的几大主题因素(美丽、友情、家庭、爱情、母爱、嫉妒、疗伤、女人间的争斗)展开,表现了黑人女性的苦难与救赎。     

高校贫困生心理健康状况调查与分析——以琼州学院为例

本文对海南少数民族地区高校──琼州学院贫困生的心理健康状况进行调查与分析。     

权利主张问题分析

权利主张不同于权利,它是一种尚未法定化的利益诉求。近些年来,社会上出现了名目繁多的权利诉求,这些以权利为名的诉求是没有上升为法定权利的权利主张,对这些权利主张进行实证分析,包括它的含义、特征、类型以及在现代社会的存在状况,在此基础上分析它上升为法定权利要考虑的因素对我国社会转型时期的法治建设具有重要意义。     

从甲骨文“男”、“女”二字之构形看男尊女卑之必然

“男”字的甲骨文构形为以力耕于田,所以男子在农耕时代处于物质生产的主导地位,也决定了其社会地位的不断提高;而“女”字的甲骨文构形,乃是女子跪着操持家务的形象,女子退出物质生产领域而以操持家务为职,直接导致了其地位的江河日下,使男尊女卑成为历史的必然。“男”、“女”二字之甲骨文构形是男尊女卑形成的一个活化石。     

Rewriting dominant narratives of the academy: women faculty of color and identity management

Drawing on Delgado and Yosso’s counterstory, Yosso’s community cultural wealth, and Alsup’s borderland discourses, the authors, who are women of color academics, use narratives from their lives to discuss the ways in which they draw on resources in managing and reconfiguring their multiple identities within the academy. These include identities of scholars, mentors, teachers, community members, mothers, and partners. They suggest that rather than merely being socialized into cultural reproduction, as much of the literature oriented toward women of color advises them to do in order to become successful, they seek to actually engage in transforming their roles and that of the academy by consciously and repeatedly making present and visible facets of identity that have previously been more-or-less absent in higher education. By presenting these counter-narratives the authors attempt to engage with ways of self-positioning that are, especially for women of color in academia, not frequently discussed or presented.     

Human capital,family structure and religiosity shaping British Muslim women’s labour market participation

Economic activity among Muslim women in the UK remains considerably lower and their unemployment rate significantly higher than among the majority group even after controlling for qualifications and other individual characteristics. This study utilises two data sets to explore possible factors underlying these differences, such as overseas qualifications, language skills and religiosity. It reveals that while religiosity is negatively associated with labour market participation among British Christian-White women, economic activity among Muslim women are not negatively affected by high religiosity. Furthermore, family structure and the presence of dependent children were among the most important factors explaining the latter’s labour market participation, although these relationships were moderated by qualifications. More women with higher qualifications were economically active even if married and with children, although some of them experienced greater unemployment, probably due to discrimination in recruiting practices and choices and preferences on religious grounds.     

Migrant women’s economic success in Russia: objective reality and subjective assessment

This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the outcomes of labour migration by focusing on the effects of migrant legal status on the economic and perceptual measures of migration success. To study the effects of legal status, we use a sample of Central Asian migrant women who work in Russia and of their native counterparts who occupy the same positions on the labour market. Similar to the studies in the developed settings, we find that a temporary legal status is associated with an earnings penalty and that permanent legal status corrects this earning disparity. We also find that both temporary and permanent migrant status is positively associated with perceptions of pay inequality but that, irrespective of these perceptions, both types of migrants are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs than natives. We interpret these findings within the legal and social context of migrant economic incorporation in Russia and relate them to the findings from other migrant-receiving settings.