Evidence that Self-Regulatory Mode Affects Retirement Savings

We examine how self-regulatory motivations of locomotion (initiation) and assessment (evaluation) are related to retirement wealth in middle-aged and older Americans. We test a hypothesis that high locomotion and some assessment levels predict high wealth levels. We use two national data sets: the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (N?=?6,464) and the 2005 Midlife in the United States (N?=?4,963). We found that a combination of high locomotion and moderate assessment motivation can maximize wealth accumulation. By creating this combination of locomotion and assessment motivations, policy interventions can be more effective in motivating wealth accumulation for retirement, such as a required annual review of retirement savings plans and understandable disclosure of the plans' costs.     

Involuntary childlessness and voluntary fertility control during the fertility transition: Evidence from men who graduated from an American college

Abstract. Influences on the fertility of men during the American fertility decline are examined using a sample of about 1700 married men born between 1830 and 1880, all of whom attended Amherst College, Massachusetts. We consider two types of reduced fertility: involuntary childlessness as a function of health in early adulthood, and voluntary fertility control as a function of access to contraceptive technology. The relation between health, as measured by body mass index, and childlessness was nonlinear, with average sized men significantly more likely ever to father children than thin or bulky men. Among men who ever fathered a child, physicians fathered significantly fewer children while having probabilities of childlessness that were statistically indistinguishable from those of other men. Physicians may have had greater access to relatively new contraceptive technologies, which suggests a role for voluntary fertility control.     

民事生效判决既判力探究

民事生效判决是基于国家司法权威做出的具有法律效力的判决,非经特别程序,不得任意撤销或变更。由于我国法律规定存在缺漏,且理论研究较为薄弱,实践中,各法院对生效判决既判力问题理解认识不一,做法各异。因此,加强对民事生效判决既判力问题研究,对司法公正、执法统一以及法律权威的树立具有重要理论和现实意义。     

中美消费者对服务补救承诺反应的差异性分析

服务补救是服务商在服务营销中需要认真面对的问题。在经济全球化的背景下，服务业的跨地区运营使得服务企业面临更加多样化的顾客。文章以中美问卷调查方式的实证研究为基础，从满意度、社会资本、服务时间等方面比较了消费者对服务补救承诺价值反应的差异，并对企业提出有效开展服务补救的建议。     

高自我价值感的负效应:自我危机与攻击

与低自我价值感造成攻击相反的高自我价值感攻击理论认为:攻击通常是自我危机的结果,即对自己非常有利的自我概念遭到他人质疑时的现象。名不副实的自我优越观念最易产生自我危机而导致攻击,其机制是愤怒外导,旨在避免降低自我概念     

Parental unconditional acceptance: An antidote to parental conditional regard

Studies around the world revealed that children's performance is a significant source of parents’ self-worth. This phenomenon is particularly salient among Chinese parents because of the emphasis on interdependent self-construal in a face culture. With child-based worth, many parents feel compelled to use conditional regard to minimize children's failure and maximize success. Yet, parental conditional regard is notorious for its undermining effects on children's well-being. This study aimed to investigate the antecedents and consequences of parental unconditional acceptance to children, an antidote to parental conditional regard. We conducted a priming experiment with 145 parents randomly assigned to child-based worth or unconditional self-acceptance conditions. Results showed that child-based worth was an inhibitive factor, whereas unconditional self-acceptance was a facilitative factor to parents’ provision of unconditional acceptance to children. Parents primed with unconditional self-acceptance had more intention to provide unconditional acceptance to their children, and in turn had more authoritative responses to their children's undesirable behavior. Our findings have practical implications for parent education.