半参数空间ZISF的估计、分类与蒙特卡罗模拟

零无效率随机前沿模型（ZISF）包含随机前沿模型和回归模型，两模型各有一定的发生概率，适用于技术无效生产单元和技术有效生产单元同时存在的情形。本文在ZISF的生产函数中引入空间效应和非参函数，并假设回归模型的发生概率为非参函数，构建了半参数空间ZISF。该模型可有效避免忽略空间效应导致的有偏且不一致估计量，也避免了线性模型的拟合不足。本文对非参函数采用B样条逼近，使用极大似然方法和JLMS法分别估计参数和技术效率。蒙特卡罗结果表明：①本文方法的估计精度和分类精度均较高。随着样本容量的增大，精度增加。②忽略空间效应或者非参数效应，估计精度和分类精度降低，文中模型有存在必要性。③忽略发生概率的非参数效应会严重降低估计和分类精度，远大于忽略生产函数的非参数效应的影响。     

网络标点符号使用现状探析

网络空间形式开放、 内容博杂, 网络语言中标点符号出现随意减省、 泛化使用、 错位使用、 乱用变体等现象,同时也呈现功能扩展、 超出标准、 空格替代以及与其他标示符号搭配使用的新变化、 新发展. 网络标点符号的现状与网络文化特征有密切关系, 使用者应把握网络标点符号的使用原则和特性.     

The zero-inflated Poisson model and the decayed, missing and filled teeth index in dental epidemiology

For frequency counts, the situation of extra zeros often arises in biomedical applications. This is demonstrated with count data from a dental epidemiological study in Belo Horizonte (the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study) which evaluated various programmes for reducing caries. Extra zeros, however, violate the variance–mean relationship of the Poisson error structure. This extra-Poisson variation can easily be explained by a special mixture model, the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model. On the basis of the ZIP model, a graphical device is presented which not only summarizes the mixing distribution but also provides visual information about the overall mean. This device can be exploited to evaluate and compare various groups. Ways are discussed to include covariates and to develop an extension of the conventional Poisson regression. Finally, a method to evaluate intervention effects on the basis of the ZIP regression model is described and applied to the data of the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study.     

关于向心理论中过渡类型问题的探讨

在应用向心理论时,由隐性语篇实体实现回指中心的语段通常会产生零回指中心和零过渡的问题,Laurel Fais(2004)为该类语段拟订的向心过渡类型虽基本解决了此类问题,但其应用能力仍显不足,本文针对语篇中嵌入的'诗歌语段对'现象,拟对其设定的过渡类型进行进一步划分,提出三种费力衔接过渡类型,使过渡类型适用于更广泛的语言事实.     

跨文化交际中零翻译运用初探

零翻译的出现将译者的不同语言文化平等融合在一起,拓宽了翻译理论研究范围,同时帮助更好的进行跨文化交际。     

汉英平行语料库双语语义对应空位研究

双语词语语义对应空位现象是英汉互译的常见障碍。在建立英汉平行语料库的过程中,这也是无法回避的问题。本文拟总结目前已建成的一些语料库处理这一问题的习惯方式,并在此基础上借鉴机器翻译研究领域的理论成果,试图做出更加细致的分析并提出更加可行的解决方案。     

Pool‐Point Distribution of Zero‐Inventory Products

We study zero‐inventory production‐distribution systems under pool‐point delivery. The zero‐inventory production and distribution paradigm is supported in a variety of industries in which a product cannot be inventoried because of its short shelf life. The advantages of pool‐point (or hub‐and‐spoke) distribution, explored extensively in the literature, include the efficient use of transportation resources and effective day‐to‐day management of operations. The setting of our analysis is as follows: A production facility (plant) with a finite production rate distributes its single product, which cannot be inventoried, to several pool points. Each pool point may require multiple truckloads to satisfy its customers' demand. A third‐party logistics provider then transports the product to individual customers surrounding each pool point. The production rate can be increased up to a certain limit by incurring additional cost. The delivery of the product is done by identical trucks, each having limited capacity and non‐negligible traveling time between the plant and the pool points. Our objective is to coordinate the production and transportation operations so that the total cost of production and distribution is minimized, while respecting the product lifetime and the delivery capacity constraints. This study attempts to develop intuition into zero‐inventory production‐distribution systems under pool‐point delivery by considering several variants of the above setting. These include multiple trucks, a modifiable production rate, and alternative objectives. Using a combination of theoretical analysis and computational experiments, we gain insights into optimizing the total cost of a production‐delivery plan by understanding the trade‐off between production and transportation.     

《周礼正义》(天官)标点斠略

中华书局点校本《周礼正义》第2册存在标点失误94处:叙述语误为引文;引文误为叙述语;破句;当分未分;不当分而分;书名篇名人名误标失标     

孙安邦点校本《云自在庵随笔》标点错误举例

古籍标点之正确与否,对读者影响甚大,标点正确,则能便利阅读,帮助理解,反之,则会设置障碍,增加疑惑。近读孙安邦点校本《云自在庵随笔》,觉得存在一些标点错误,影响到读者的阅读与理解,有必要提出来引起读者的注意。因举书中十例,并试为改正。     

《汉语大字典》专名号标注识误

《汉语大字典》引证丰富,由于编者对引用古书不熟,文意理解出现偏颇,直接导致在标点方面出现严重问题。经过十年修订,《汉语大字典》第二版对原版标点错误有所纠正,但标点问题仍然不少。现将《汉语大字典》第二版存在的专名号标注问题分作十类,列举35例进行了讨论。