Determinants of housing quality: A comparison of white,African-American,and Hispanic single-parent women

This study examines housing quality among three groups of single-parent women: white, African-American, and Hispanic. Three indicators of housing quality—crowding, affordability, and satisfaction—are used to discover the extent to which these groups experience housing problems. This study also explores differences and similarities in the factors that precipitate problems in housing quality for these three groups of single parents. Findings suggest important differences and similarities in the nature of housing quality problems among white, African-American, and Hispanic single-parent women. The specified variables explained about 20% of the variance in crowding, housing affordability, and housing satisfaction. On measures of objective and subjective housing quality, white single mothers are better housed than their African-American or Hispanic counterparts. Hispanic single mothers have the largest housing cost burden and average more persons per household than the other groups. African-Americans are twice as likely as either group to live in low-quality housing and reported the lowest average satisfaction with their housing. Her research interests include housing and neighborhood assessment and women and public policy issues. She has recently published articles inUrban Affairs Quarterly andHousing and Society on housing and neighborhood assessment criteria among black urban households and the housing cost burden of various groups of female-headed households. She received her Ph.D. from Ohio State University. Her research interests include the housing adjustment behavior of women and public policy. She has recently completed her thesis on the role of noncustodial parents in determining the quality of life of their children. She is also the recipient of the Tessie Agan Award for research excellence from the American Association of Housing Educators for a paper titled “Unterstanding Constraints and Residential Satisfaction among Low-Income Single-Parent Families.”     

供应链管理模式下的企业外包设计研究

供应链管理是近年来在国内外逐渐受到重视的一种新的管理理念与模式,其管理思想是使企业将主要精力放在核心业务上,充分发挥优势,企业中的非核心业务外包给合作企业来完成。因此,企业外包设计成为供应链管理思想的一个重要方面。基于这一背景,首先探讨了企业外包的含义及其构成元素;并根据威廉姆森的新制度经济学中经济业务交易的规制结构对企业外包的规制层次进行划分;最后,构建了在供应链管理模式下基于交易成本和核心竞争力相结合的企业外包设计模型。     

Valuation of childhood risk reduction: the importance of age, risk preferences, and perspective.

This article explores two problems analysts face in determining how to estimate values for children's health and safety risk reductions. The first addresses the question: Do willingness‐to‐pay estimates for health risk changes differ across children and adults and, if so, how? To answer this question, the article first examines the potential effects of age and risk preferences on willingness to pay. A summary of the literature reporting empirical evidence of differences between willingness to pay for adult health and safety risk reductions and willingness to pay for health and safety risk reductions in children is also provided. The second dimension of the problem is a more fundamental issue: Whose perspective is relevant when valuing children's health effects—society's, children's, adults‐as‐children, or parents'? Each perspective is considered, followed ultimately by the conclusion that adopting a parental perspective through an intrahousehold allocation model seems closest to meeting the needs of the estimation problem at hand. A policy example in which the choice of perspective affects the outcome of a regulatory benefit‐cost analysis rounds out the article and emphasizes the importance of perspective.     

降低商务成本 优化投资环境

我国作为一个经济发展势头强劲的国家,改善投资环境,增强投资环境的吸引力十分重要。商务成本是投资环境重要的组成部分。本文着重阐述了商务成本的内涵、影响因素及降低商务成本的主要途径。     

简论晚清新式企业内部管理的若干改革主张

晚清时期,人们通过对西方企业管理活动的考察,反思了各类新式企业实践活动中的诸多管理弊端,提出了许多改善企业内部管理的主张,这些改革建议涉及到企业的各个方面,诸如人事管理、财产物质管理、成本费用管理、市场营销与资金管理等。     

对工程造价控制管理问题的探讨

分析我国工程造价管理中存在的问题;从工程建设全过程出发,论述如何控制工程造价。     

作业成本法存在的问题及相应对策

作业成本法与传统成本计算最大的不同在于它不是以成本论成本 ,而是把着眼点放在成本发生的前因后果上 ,实现了成本计算与控制的结合。作业成本法的关键在于划分作业、寻找作业动因。本文在介绍作业成本法理论的基础上 ,重点探讨如何对第四类作业即发生间接成本、期间费用的作业进行划分 ,寻找作业动因     

社区卫生服务中心与医院手术费用的比较研究

目的:比较社区卫生服务中心及各级医院常见手术费用;社区卫生服务中心手术是否便捷、低耗,有无保留的必要。方法:调研南京市社区卫生服务中心及各级医院常见手术的单病种费用,社区卫生服务中心与各级医院的费用做统计分析比较。结果:社区卫生服务中心单病种手术平均住院费用明显低于与各级医院。结论:从经济学的角度分析,各级医院手术费用差别很大,在规范和安全的前提下,社区卫生服务中心保留基本的手术功能是符合社区居民需求和社区卫生服务自身发展需要的。     

多元化计量模式的现实思考--历史成本与公允价值择优并存

多元化计量模式的现实思考——历史成本与公允价值择优并存@谢桂芬$宁波高等专科学校经管系!浙江宁波315010~~     

制度如何引导人──对不年检公司执照被吊销问题的法经济学分析

公司因违法行为而被吊销营业执照和因不参加年检而被吊销营业执照有着相当的差异,目前的制度对后者采取了一种想当然的、过于简单化的处理方式,它没有实质性地、有效地改变相关主体的利益结构。因此应该进行制度变革,降低公司注销成本,提高公司被吊销的代价,使制度能够有效引导人的行为,从而以最低代价实现其应有的规范功能。