基于信号博弈的卖方欺诈行为分析

本文主要基于信号博弈的卖方欺诈行为进行研究，假设拍卖中可能存在欺诈型和诚实型两种卖家，其中欺诈行为有概率发生在第二价格拍卖中：欺诈型卖方冒充竞拍者递交仅次于最高价的报价从而获得额外收益。两种卖家根据各自效用选择拍卖形式：第一价格或者第二价格。而竞买者将卖者的选择作为信号，更新对卖方类型的判断，然后制定报价策略。这是一个买卖方信号交叉影响的过程。考虑到拍卖过程中买方价值相关性，本文在建立模型中参考了关联价值原理。针对该模型进行分析，得出了不同情况下的买卖方策略，并且研究了买方报价、买方判断、卖方收益三者之间的关系。文中利用贝叶斯公式对双方的策略选择问题进行预测，与单纯的概率分布方法相比，更具实践价值。     

Holistic trajectories: a study of combined employment, housing and family careers by using multiple-sequence analysis

Summary.  Social science applications of sequence analysis have thus far involved the development of a typology on the basis of an analysis of one or two variables which have had a relatively low number of different states. There is a yet unexplored potential for sequence analysis to be applied to a greater number of variables and thereby a much larger state space. The development of a typology of employment experiences, for example, without reference to data on changes in housing, marital and family status is arguably inadequate. The paper demonstrates the use of sequence analysis in the examination of multivariable combinations of status as they change over time and shows that this method can provide insights that are difficult to achieve through other analytic methods. The data that are examined here provide support to intuitive understandings of clusters of common experiences which are both life course specific and related to socio-economic factors. Housing tenure is found to be of key importance in understanding the holistic trajectories that are examined. This suggests that life course trajectories are sharply differentiated by experience of social housing.     

Urban Housing as an Issue of Redistribution through Planning? The Case of Dhaka City

The rapid growth of population, the mushrooming of poor settlements and unplanned urbanization have crucial implications for the efficiency and equity of urban services. The resultant infringements of critical human rights throw into focus the importance of housing as a social policy issue. Urban services are strained in Dhaka city. Urban management has been disrupted as a result of spatial encroachment and environmental degradation. In addition to land scarcity, land speculation and endemic corruption, the high price of land is also a product of the system of land registration. The dearth of valuable urban land, together with delays in urban planning and its implementation, have made the acquisition of land for housing prohibitively expensive for middle and low‐income households. Consequently, the quality of the housing environment is deteriorating. The problem of housing finance is intrinsically linked to its affordability, being currently the prerogative only of the affluent. This article delineates the inherent lack of integrated urban planning, the lacunae within institutions responsible for urban management – and, contextually, the nature of housing as a social policy issue, where reinforced, coordinated planning and administration could ensure distributive benefits even to the poor.     

试论谭平山在“一大”前后的思想和活动

本文就谭平山“一大”前后研究和宣传马克思主义,建立和发展广东党的组织;创办学校、培养干部,建立工会组织,发展工人运动;建立社会主义青年团,推动青年运动的发展等几个方面作了论述。     

科学发展观是与时俱进的马克思主义发展观

科学发展观是对马克思主义关于发展理论的继承与发展,是与时俱进的马克思主义发展观。这一发展观是以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导、从新世纪新阶段我国的发展全局出发而提出的重大战略思想,是我们党对社会主义现代化建设指导思想的新发展,标志着我们党执政理念的新飞跃。     

朱德与中共第一代领导集体的形成

朱德进入中共中央第一代领导集体 ,凭藉的是他的卓越的军事贡献和丰富的政治经验。从“红军之父”到“中国军人的伟大导师” ,从“人民的救星”到“党的领袖” ,既表明了他对党和人民事业的无限忠诚 ,也蕴含着党和人民给予他的极大光荣 ,反映了他追求进步 ,服从真理 ,实事求是 ,不断创新的卓越品质。第一代领导集体形成的标志时期是党的七大。朱德在第一代领导集体中的地位非常重要 ,他实际上起了一个稳定的中和的作用 ;从194 5年到 195 6年 ,朱德在中共中央和中央军委的职务、地位和威望仅次于毛泽东。     

国际化:建设世界一流大学的必由之路

国际化是世界一流大学的基本特征 ,国际化在世界一流大学的创建过程中具有特别重要的作用。但我国大学在创建世界一流大学过程中普遍对国际化重视不够 ,这在客观上制约着我国世界一流大学的建设进程。要改变这种状况 ,一要准确理解大学国际化的概念 ,克服思想认识的种种误区 ;二要采取有力措施 ,迅速促进我国大学国际化的进程     

First Housing Moves in Spain: An Analysis of Leaving Home and First Housing Acquisition

This paper examines young people's firsthousing acquisition in Spain. The majority ofyoung Spanish people leave home to buy aproperty and to live with a partner and/orchild. We examine the extent to which thistransition dominates first housing moves duringthe 1980s and consider the ways in which widerfamily networks facilitate leaving home to buya property. We then examine characteristicsassociated with deviation from this normativeroute. We find alternative transitions,particularly moving into rented accommodation,are more common among young people from moreadvantaged backgrounds, and those living innorthern Spain.     

女性妆饰与民国初年的女性解放

妆饰是精神的外化。伴随着民初女性解放运动的发展,传统的女性妆饰向着西装化与时装化、多元化与个性化的方向发展。并且出现了实用性与审美性的结合、地域与层次的不同等变化。     

试论毛泽东与第一次国共合作

毛泽东作为中国共产党的创始人和杰出的领导人 ,在第一次国共合作期间 ,为建立、巩固和捍卫统一战线 ,尤其是正确处理农民问题 ,作出了杰出贡献。