关于赛珍珠个人和笔下的问题婚姻的札记或西方主义入门

在民国时期的南京期间,赛珍珠和约翰·洛辛·布克共同经历不幸福的婚姻,照顾残障女儿,并从事文学事业。她在这个时期的小说和回忆录里,开始描写一系列婚姻,对有别于西方和她的传教士家庭的中国的性道德观念的认知方式在《结发妻及其他故事》中的许多作品都直接和间接地有所反映,她处理了跨文化婚姻不美满的问题,有时则通过再现中国妇女的困境来投射她对自己婚姻的关切。     

哲学的困境和黑格尔的幽灵——关于“中国无哲学”的反思

中西哲学之间的学术转译、通约和交流的过程实际上就是一个比较哲学研究的过程,但今人往往以渗透着西方中心主义情结的黑格尔哲学标准来剪裁中国哲学,故引发“中国有无哲学”之争。争论中国有无“哲学”之“名”并无意义,关键在于中国有无philosophy之“实”。纵观西方近代哲学史,欧洲的两大主要哲学思潮即实证主义(科学主义)和非理性主义都是沿着反黑格尔主义或曰“拒斥形而上学”的向度发展的。在“重建形而上学”的诉求中黑格尔的幽灵再现,未来的哲学将是“人类形而上学”或曰文化哲学的崛起,从传统形而上学到“拒斥形而上学”再到“人类形而上学”,这是一个否定之否定的过程。     

Laowai as a discourse of Othering: unnoticed stereotyping of American expatriates in Mainland China

ABSTRACT

Homogeneous ethnic labels, deriving from migrants’ phenotypic and cultural distinctness, are frequently utilised to single them out as the Other during intercultural encounters. Nonetheless, the Othering enacted by ethnic labelling has not attracted enough attention from host-nationals who use these labels. In-depth interviews with 35 American expatriates revealed that laowai was perceived as a discourse of Othering, which first categorised Westerners under this label as the Other in mainland China for their noticeable non-Chinese physical appearance, and then exposed them to its Chinese users’ diversely motivated stereotyping in such forms as exclusion, alienation and discrimination. However, Chinese people had not noticed laowai’s nature of being a stereotype-laden discourse of Othering and conversely considered this label as a neutral and even friendly expression. Ultimately, these Americans experienced Chinese people’s habitual use of laowai as a way to separate them as permanent outsiders who were subject to Occidentalism in mainland China.     

东方主义与西方主义比较研究

论述赛义德的东方主义和与其对应的西方主义。东方主义分为自为东方主义、拟东方主义;西方主义分为自为西方主义、拟西方主义。自为东方主义和自为西方主义分别反映实际存在的真实东方和真实西方;拟东方主义和拟西方主义分别反映被歪曲的想像性东方和想像性西方。在相同文化地域内,人可以认识现实客体;在相异文化地域内,人只能认识虚拟客体。