基于语言磨蚀理论视角下的维吾尔族大学生英语教学

20世纪80年代在语言磨蚀领域已有相关理论形成,基于此领域中的回归假说、语言干扰、关键阈值、语言提取失败和语言的动态系统理论,依据维吾尔族大学生特殊的英语学习现状,据此得出母语为维吾尔语非英语专业的民考汉大学生的英语教学的一些启示,也为他们的英语保持给予一些探索性思考。     

语言磨蚀新问题 ——回归假说质疑

雅克布逊回归假说是语言磨蚀领域中传统的假说,随着语言磨蚀研究进一步深化,相当多的学者认可了该假说.然而,比较失语症幼儿的语言习得和磨蚀的研究结果未能证实回归假说,对健康人群的研究同样未能证实回归假说,记忆学和心理学领域也没有理论足以支持回归假说,回归假说还有很大的验证空间,它也可能并不符合语言磨蚀规律.     

外语词汇磨蚀的语言学表征分析

语言磨蚀的突出表现是词汇提取失败。大学一年级新生的高中英语词汇磨蚀的测试结果表明：在语音和词形上相似或相同,语义关系复杂的词汇易被磨蚀。受蚀词汇的语言学表征为：在语音上,弱音节的、音素组合关系为“聚合”关系的、总体韵律相似的词汇易磨蚀;词形上,词缀的语义易被磨蚀,词形相似且伴有语音相似的词汇易磨蚀,词汇的首尾成份相似的词汇也易磨蚀;语义上,语义范畴的层级关系复杂的词汇易磨蚀。词汇磨蚀可以根据其语言学表征分为四类：耐蚀词汇、易蚀词汇、半蚀词汇和全蚀词汇。     

Gender differences in faculty attrition in the USA

In this study, we examined possible gender differences in reasons for faculty attrition during the last 20 years at a small women's liberal arts college. The attrition rate was calculated from archival data collected through old college directories. As in earlier studies, the attrition rate was higher for women (31%) than for men (18.5%). Reasons for leaving the college were assessed in an online survey completed by 45 out of 66 tenure-track or tenured professors who left (excluding retirees). Work–family conflict was the most frequently cited reason for leaving, with disproportionately more women than men giving this reason. Open-ended responses revealed that work–family conflict typically referred to the difficulty of coordinating two careers. Female faculty who left were also significantly more dissatisfied than males with the support for balancing work and family life at the college. The need for colleges to create spousal policies to help faculty coordinate dual careers was discussed.     

A time series approach to life table construction

This paper deals with the construction of the life table. A discussion of basic facts about the life table is followed by the proposal of a nonstationary, autoregressive model for the life table. The moment structure of the nonstationary, autoregressive model is developed. Some estimation procedures are proposed followed by several examples.     

外语磨蚀对高校高年级学生的影响

本文从高校高年级大学生的磨蚀前外语水平、受蚀时间、与受蚀语的接触,年龄,外语习得方式、社会情感因素和读写能力几方面分析语言磨蚀对高年级大学生外语水平的影响。     

国内外二语词汇损耗研究述评

词汇损耗研究是语言损耗研究的重点。通过对国内外三十多年来大量的二语词汇损耗实证研究进行梳理分析,结果发现这些实证研究大体可以分为两类,即对词汇损耗本身的研究和对词汇损耗的影响因素研究。对前者的整理发现多数研究表明词汇比二语的其他层次（如语音、形态-句法等）更易遭受损耗,产出性词汇比接受性词汇更易损耗;对后者的分析发现影响词汇损耗的因素很多,包括外部因素、学习者内部因素以及与词汇有关的因素。文章最后谈及国内外二语词汇损耗研究对我国外语词汇教学的一些启示。     

资金约束条件下的垄断企业策略性退出模型研究

传统的垄断企业退出模型没有考虑资金约束问题,通过研究双寡头企业在资金约束条件下如何从需求不断萎缩的产业退出的问题:首先描述了双寡头垄断企业策略性退出的基本模型,然后引入资金约束变量,分析企业资金实力如何影响和决定退出时机和顺序。结果表明,虽然不具备策略优势并且也将在消耗战中遭受损失,但雄厚的资金实力能保证企业在退出博弈中胜出,并且获得最后的垄断利润。因此,拥有雄厚资金实力的垄断企业的最优策略通常是继续保留在市场中,而不是传统模型中所指出的由于不具有策略优势而最先退出。     

Bargaining and Reputation

The paper develops a reputation based theory of bargaining. The idea is to investigate and highlight the influence of bargaining ‘postures’ on bargaining outcomes. A complete information bargaining model a la Rubinstein is amended to accommodate ‘irrational types’ who are obstinate, and indeed for tractability assumed to be completely inflexible in their offers and demands. A strong ‘independence of procedures’ result is derived: after initial postures have been adopted, the bargaining outcome is independent of the fine details of the bargaining protocol so long as both players have the opportunity to make offers frequently. The latter analysis yields a unique continuous‐time limit with a war of attrition structure. In the continuous‐time game, equilibrium is unique, and entails delay, consequently inefficiency. The equilibrium outcome reflects the combined influence of the rates of time preference of the players and the ex ante probabilities of different irrational types. As the probability of irrationality goes to zero, delay and inefficiency disappear; furthermore, if there is a rich set of types for both agents, the limit equilibrium payoffs are inversely proportional to their rates of time preference.     

外语磨蚀的影响因素及对策思考

分析了磨蚀前外语水平、受蚀时间、与受蚀语的接触、年龄、外语习得方式、社会情感因素、读写能力和性别等八大因素对外语磨蚀的影响,并结合我国实际,尝试性地提出相应的解决对策,期望政府部门、学校、教师及学习者本人共同努力,来应对外语磨蚀,提高学习效率。