农户种植业风险及其认知比较研究

通过对浙江、上海、山东、湖北和安徽五个不同地区660户农户实地访问调查资料的分析发现:目前我国农户从事种植业生产经营的风险主要来源于气候等自然因素、农产品市场价格和农业生产资料价格;农户更关注农产品产量而非市场价格波动;在地区和作物层面上,具有不同生产特征和家庭特征的农户对种植业生产经营风险的认知具有一定的差异性;目前农户弱化种植业风险主要倾向于依靠自身的力量而较少依靠农业保险、农业组织及政府等外部力量。政府需要从完善信息发布体系、加强对农资市场管理、促进农村合作经济组织及农业保险的发展等方面入手,提高农户弱化生产经营风险的能力。     

Work/Care Regimes: Institutions,Culture and Behaviour and the Australian Case

Increasingly around the industrialized world, labour markets rely upon the paid work of women, many of whom have dependents. Such changing patterns of paid work by women — and by men — are located within work/care regimes that are more or less hostile to the needs of paid workers who care for others. This article sets out a model of work/care regimes and locates the Australian case within international and historical contexts. In Australia, the unchanging normative male worker archetype dominates institutions of work and care, while the cultures of motherhood and fatherhood remain stoically resistant to renovation. In the meantime, the behaviour of working women runs ahead of these unchanging cultures and institutions, creating a policy interest in ‘reconciling’ work and care, but a failure to provide it. The reasons for this failure are outlined.     

美国农场家庭收入差异及因素分析

本文根据年销售额对美国家庭农场进行分类,从农场现金总收入及组成、农场财务业绩、家庭收入来源及水平、政府补贴等方面对美国家庭农场收入进行了量化分析,得出了不同类型家庭农场在收入的各个层面均存在明显差异的结论,并对引起差异的因素进行分析。     

贫困农户脱贫主体性不足的发生逻辑

“干部积极干，农户站边看”的贫困群体脱贫逆化现象影响着农村社会的健康发展和脱贫攻坚工作的高效开展。通过田野调查发现，贫困农户脱贫主体性不足的发生逻辑首先在于小农理性下受利益驱使的农户形成争当贫困户的“自愿型贫困”，造成贫困农户“不愿”脱贫；其次，贫困农户在贫困识别、资源匹配和脱贫行动选择方面因决策受限形成“边缘化治贫”，造成农户的“不能”脱贫；最后，贫困农户受贫困文化影响导致“精神贫困”，造成贫困农户的“内卷化脱贫”。因此，需要从增加贫困农户脱贫意愿和强化贫困农户内生脱贫能力两个维度来构建贫困农户的有效脱贫主体性。     

Parental same-sex relationships, family instability, and subsequent life outcomes for adult children: Answering critics of the new family structures study with additional analyses

The July 2012 publication of my study on the outcomes of young adults who report parental same-sex relationship behavior raised a variety of questions about the New Family Structures Study and my analyses and interpretations of it. This follow-up article seeks to address a variety of the more common criticisms that have been raised, to offer new commentary and analyses, and to pose questions for future analysts of the NFSS and other datasets that are poised to consider how household dynamics are associated with youth and young-adult outcomes. The new analyses I present here still reveal numerous differences between adult children who report maternal same-sex behavior (and residence with her partner) and those with still-married (heterosexual) biological parents. Far fewer differences appear between the former and several other groups, most notably never-married single mothers.     

乡村建设对精准脱贫户生计可持续的影响

基于可持续性和脆弱性双重视角,采用跨层线性模型从家庭层面和村级层面综合探讨影响精准脱贫户家庭生计可持续的关键因素,并明确了两个层级之间内在的效应联系。结果表明,贫困户脱贫退出后的生计平稳有赖于自身五类生计资本的优化及生计风险的降低,而当地公共服务、基础设施、产业发展水平和自然条件的提升皆有助于促进脱贫家庭生计资本增殖并降低风险脆弱性,从而保障脱贫效果的持久性,其中公共服务体系和基础设施建设对于精准脱贫户生计稳定作用尤为显著。因此,应将加快完善公共服务体系和基础设施建设作为未来乡村振兴和相对贫困治理的核心契合点。     

美国以女性为户主的家庭的贫困及其根源探究

文章说明了以单身女性为户主并携有未成年子女的家庭已成为美国最大的贫困群体,剖析了造成"贫困的女性化"这一现象的根源。在贫困的结构性解释及"贫困文化"假设这两个理论基础上,论述了20世纪60年代以来美国社会中家庭结构变迁和婚姻价值观的改变对以女性为户主的家庭的贫困现象所造成的影响。     

中国城镇居民家庭储蓄水平队列效应分析

利用中国家庭收入调查（ CHIP）数据对城镇居民家庭的储蓄率进行了队列效应的实证研究。分析结果表明,属于不同队列的城镇家庭在储蓄水平上都呈现出相似的“U”型年龄分布,即中年家庭（40－50岁）储蓄率低,年轻家庭（20－40岁）和退休家庭储蓄率较高,这一现象与其他国家的实证研究结果有显著不同。本文认为,中国城镇居民储蓄率的“U”型年龄分布主要是由人口与经济的高速增长带来的：人口高速增长带来的队列规模效应使得面对更大竞争压力的年轻人口储蓄率较高,而经济水平持续增长带来的消费水平增长预期使得接近退休家庭储蓄水平重新上升。     

新农保对中国农村家庭收入的促进效应

基于微观调查数据,对新农保制度能否促进农村家庭的收入进行了实证分析。研究表明：参加新农保和参保人数越多都会使得中国农村家庭的纯收入与人均收入显著增加。基于异质性考虑的研究发现,无论是纯收入还是人均收入,收入越低的家庭,参保对家庭收入的促进效应就越大;而且参加新农保缩小了不同收入家庭的收入差距。     

Families,meals and synchronicity: eating together in British dual earner families

Based on a sample of British dual earner families with young children drawn from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, the paper examines their food practices, in particular the conditions under which families are able to eat together or not during the working week. The concept of synchronicity is drawn upon to shed light on whether meals and meal times are coordinated in family life and the facilitators and constraints upon coordination. The paper suggests that whether families eat together is not only influenced by parents' work time schedules but also children's timetables relating to their age and bodily tempos, their childcare regimes, their extra-curricular activities and the problem of coordinating different food preferences and tastes.