Philippine NGOs and Multistakeholder Partnerships: Three Case Studies

This paper discusses an emerging role for Philippine NGOs—building and maintaining intersectoral cooperation among various sectors of society to tackle key issues like agricultural development, HIV/AIDS, and agrarian reform. The three case studies elaborated in the paper show that Philippine NGOs play important intermediary and bridging functions crucial for the success of multistakeholder partnerships. NGOs are well equipped for this because of their middle-class and professional nature and because of various characteristics like autonomy, flexibility, and the ability to mobilize resources.     

多平台CAI课件的开发技术

简要介绍了多媒体CAI课件的开发工具,阐述了基于多平台开发CAI课件的方法,针对微机测控技术、现代仪表技术、电工技术等不同的授课内容,选择不同的CAI开发平台,文章介绍了POWERPOINT中嵌入PSPICE仿真工具、用FLASH进行课堂演示实验的经验,并以POWERPOINT为例,说明了多平台开发CAI课件的具体应用.     

危及大陆架固定平台安全罪国内法化研究

《制止危及大陆架固定平台安全非法行为议定书》将危及大陆架固定平台安全罪规定为国际犯罪,中国作为《议定书》的缔约国理应通过国内立法予以回应,但现行国内刑事立法没有与之对应的罪名,而是按照外延相当宽泛的包容性罪名惩治,两个罪名的差异性致使国内法在应对本罪时处于尴尬境地。为切实履行缔约国义务,借鉴其他国家的国内立法,有必要在中国刑法分则第二章中增设劫持大陆架固定平台罪和危及大陆架固定平台安全罪两个罪名,并相应地配置不同的法定刑。     

Learning from the Piper Alpha Accident: A Postmortem Analysis of Technical and Organizational Factors

The accident that occurred on board the offshore platform Piper Alpha in July 1988 killed 167 people and cost billions of dollars in property damage. It was caused by a massive fire, which was not the result of an unpredictable "act of God" but of an accumulation of errors and questionable decisions. Most of them were rooted in the organization, its structure, procedures, and culture. This paper analyzes the accident scenario using the risk analysis framework, determines which human decision and actions influenced the occurrence of the basic events, and then identifies the organizational roots of these decisions and actions. These organizational factors are generalizable to other industries and engineering systems. They include flaws in the design guidelines and design practices (e.g., tight physical couplings or insufficient redundancies), misguided priorities in the management of the tradeoff between productivity and safety, mistakes in the management of the personnel on board, and errors of judgment in the process by which financial pressures are applied on the production sector (i.e., the oil companies' definition of profit centers) resulting in deficiencies in inspection and maintenance operations. This analytical approach allows identification of risk management measures that go beyond the purely technical (e.g., add redundancies to a safety system) and also include improvements of management practices.     

双重规训：平台可见性与读者赋权——网络文学平台签约作者的数字劳动研究

以J网络文学平台为研究对象,采用参与式观察与半结构化访谈的研究方法,基于马克思劳动过程理论分析范式,揭示出网络文学平台签约作者的数据劳动实践。研究发现,平台作为技术中介与制度中介,塑造了网络文学领域参与者的表现,策划了签约作者创作作品的可见性,这种可见性由可计量的数据指标构成,对劳动主体进行着隐蔽规制。此外,读者在消费赋权下拥有了参与文化产品生产的主动权,形塑了作者的劳动策略,需要作者投入感情以维系与读者的亲密关系。因此,签约作者在劳动实践的过程中看似具有高度自主性,实则受到了网络文学平台和读者的双重规训。     

Dynamic Risk Management Systems: Hybrid Architecture and Offshore Platform Illustration

This paper describes and illustrates the architecture of computer-based Dynamic Risk Management Systems (DRMS) designed to assist real-time risk management decisions for complex physical systems, for example, engineered systems such as offshore platforms or medical systems such as patient treatment in Intensive Care Units. A key characteristic of the DRMSs that we describe is that they are hybrid, combining the powers of Probabilistic Risk Analysis methods and heuristic Artificial Intelligence techniques. A control module determines whether the situation corresponds to a specific rule or regulation, and is clear enough or urgent enough for an expert system to make an immediate recommendation without further analysis of the risks involved. Alternatively, if time permits and if the uncertainties justify it, a risk and decision analysis module formulates and evaluates options, including that of gathering further information. This feature is particularly critical since, most of the time, the physical system is only partially observable, i.e., the signals observed may not permit unambiguous characterization of its state. The DRMS structure is also dynamic in that, for a given time window (e.g., 1 day or 1 hour), it anticipates the physical system's state (and, when appropriate, performs a risk analysis) accounting for its evolution, its mode of operations, the predicted external loads and problems, and the possible changes in the set of available options. Therefore, we specifically address the issue of dynamic information gathering for decision-making purposes. The concepts are illustrated focusing on the risk and decision analysis modules for a particular case of real-time risk management on board offshore oil platforms, namely of two types of gas compressor leaks, one progressive and one catastrophic. We describe briefly the DRMS proof-of-concept produced at Stanford, and the prototype (ARMS) that is being constructed by Bureau Veritas (Paris) based on these concepts.     

双边市场中平台企业搭售行为分析

搭售是现实中双边平台企业常用的促销策略之一。通过构建一个两阶段完全信息动态博弈模型,将买方分为搭售喜好型和搭售无差异型,从垄断和竞争两种情形研究了双边平台企业采取搭售策略时,具有不同搭售偏好的买方对最优均衡解的影响以及相应的社会福利变化。研究发现:不论是垄断情形还是竞争情形,搭售对买卖双方均衡进入价格的影响都不确定,而搭售产品的定价则按照传统单边市场的定价方式制定;垄断情形下,搭售能增加买方数量、卖方数量及双边平台企业的利润,而竞争情形下,搭售产品成本较小的双边平台企业将获得较大买方数量、卖方数量及利润。在两种情形下的买方总效用、卖方总效用以及社会总福利均随搭售喜好型买方数量的增加而增加。     

团队学习的过程、条件与氛围

组织中的知识分为隐性知识和显性知识两种,团队学习过程就是两种知识相互转化的过程。然而,团队学习过程并不能凭空产生,需要一定条件和氛围。文章将团队学习的条件分为物理空间、虚拟空间和心智空间三种。对团队学习的氛围着重讨论了团队自治、绩效评估与激励系统、团队持续性三个方面。     

Data craft: a theory/methods package for critical internet studies

ABSTRACT

Disinformation campaigns continue to thrive online, despite social media companies’ efforts at identifying and culling manipulation on their platforms. Framing these manipulation tactics as ‘coordinated inauthentic behavior,’ major platforms have banned culprits and deleted the evidence of their actions from social activity streams, making independent assessment and auditing impossible. While researchers, journalists, and civil society groups use multiple methods for discovering and tracking disinformation, platforms began to publish highly curated data archives of disinformation in 2016. When platform companies reframe manipulation campaigns, however, they downplay the importance of their products in spreading disinformation. We propose to treat social media metadata as a boundary object that supports research across platforms and use metadata as an entry point for investigating manipulation campaigns.

We illustrate how platform companies’ responses to disinformation campaigns are at odds with the interests of researchers, civil society, policy-makers, and journalists, limiting the capacity to audit the role that platforms play in political discourse. To show how platforms’ data archives of ‘coordinated inauthentic behavior’ prevent researchers from examining the contexts of manipulation, we present two case studies of disinformation campaigns related to the Black Lives Matter Movement. We demonstrate how data craft – the exploitation of metrics, metadata, and recommendation engines – played a prominent role attracting audiences to these disinformation campaigns. Additionally, we offer some investigative techniques for researchers to employ data craft in their own research of the disinformation. We conclude by proposing new avenues for research for the field of Critical Internet Studies.     

平台匹配技术对双边市场定价的影响

文章对双边市场中平台匹配技术在垄断平台与竞争平台下的三种定价方式的影响进行了探讨，得出平台的最优定价结果。分析结果表明:无论在垄断平台下的双边市场还是在竞争平台下的双边市场，平台采用不同的收费模式来应对不同的用户需求，其盈利本质上没有根本的区别。