化学反应中的非线性现象

本文以“水中花园”和“化学振荡”等实验事实,论述了化学反应中的自然分形和自组织过程等非线性现象.     

圆明园整治工程环境影响听证会组织环节之分析

作为首次公众参与的圆明园整治工程环境影响听证会为人称道,但其各个组织环节尚有改进的空间。结合国家环境保护总局的相关规定,至少可以朝以下方面改进：摈弃听证会启动权的随意性、听证会前后信息公开的全面化和制度化、代表选取的透明与公正、主持人选任的中立性、议题与论辩的集中与简洁、会场纪律惩戒的施行等。各环节应以公平、公正、公开为指导原则。     

考虑组织成本的两阶段竞赛机制研究

在企业招聘实践中,招聘成本是企业管理者在制定招聘策略时所考虑的重要因素之一。为保证招聘效果并控制成本,企业管理者将选择不同成本的人才测评方法,分阶段地筛选应聘者,选择测评方法和确定各阶段应聘者人数成为企业管理者主要的决策问题。在此管理背景下,进行两阶段竞赛机制的研究,并将节约组织成本作为竞赛设计者目标的一部分。分别修改竞赛者总努力最大化和最高努力最大化这两个传统目标,得到两个修正后的优化目标。当竞赛者能力分布函数为幂函数时,通过模型分析和数值模拟。研究结果表明,两个优化目标下的最优竞赛机制具有共同性质,即针对确定的奖励选择竞赛筛选方法时,单位组织成本不能过大;在确定筛选方法后,如果奖励与单位组织成本的比值过小,或低能力者占竞赛者的大部分,那么应仅允许两名竞赛者进入复试。另外,对于以竞赛者最高努力最大化为目标的竞赛,如果高能力者相对较多时,第二阶段的最优竞赛人数也为2。     

Books Received

No abstract available for this article.     

大学生数学建模竞赛几个相关问题的研究

数学建模竞赛已成为全球重点综合性大学数学教学工作中的一项“重头戏” ,成为评价大学数学教学水平的一项重要指标。数学建模对培养学生的素质特别是培养大学生创新能力和团队精神有着重大的意义 ;提高大学生数学建模竞赛水平关键在于教学组织工作 ,并要时时跟踪数学建模竞赛的特点和未来的发展走向。     

A port in a storm: Spontaneous volunteering and grassroots movements in Amsterdam. A resilient approach to the (European) refugee crisis

This article seeks to expand knowledge about spontaneous volunteering in Amsterdam during the European refugee crisis in the winter of 2015–16. As formal institutions, which relied on a top–down command and control approach, were unable to handle the relatively large number of refugees who arrived in a short period of time, grassroots social movements based on bottom–up participation emerged. Grassroots volunteers were not only politically engaged, protesting against the strict refugee reception policy, but they also became involved in the crisis response, showing a great deal of flexibility. Although the social movements struggled with their organizational structures, they were able to adapt their missions and structures to changing circumstances. To achieve a resilience‐based response to future refugee influxes, this article advocates for formal response organizations to dismantle their static, top–down approach, and for social movements to find a balance between participation and professionalism. If institutionalized refugee response organizations adapt to the dynamics of local conditions, they could create the conditions for resilient solutions in the crisis context.     

Exploring the Ebbs and Flows of Community Engagement: The Pyramid of Engagement and Water Activism in Two Canadian Communities

In this article, we share results from a comparative study exploring the dynamics of community engagement surrounding local water advocacy organizations in two Canadian communities. Although emergent local issues and the perception of crisis triggered some short-term community engagement, social factors such as collective identity, a sense of community, and sense of efficacy appear to be more important for sustaining and deepening engagement. Drawing on the results, we show how the pyramid of engagement, by depicting activist engagement as a multilevel, developmental process, can serve as a useful tool for community engagement scholars and practitioners alike.     

论《弗朗西斯·麦康伯短暂的幸福生活》的叙述与描写

在海明威的短篇小说中,《弗朗西斯·麦康伯短暂的幸福生活》的叙述艺术别具一格,具有极大的艺术魅力。就其叙述方式说,横断面写法、围绕主题选择时间切点、张弛有致的节奏、悬念丛生的结局,显示了海明威构思的精巧。就其描写方式说,神态描写、语言描写,特别是肖像描写、心理描写,显示了海明威描写的传神。这些精巧的构思与传神的描写构成了小说的结构艺术特色。     

“I Really Belong Here”: Civic Capacity-Building among Returning Citizens

This article focuses on unlikely movement actors whose civic engagement has been understudied: people with criminal records (“returning citizens”). We present findings from 18 months of ethnographic research with members (leaders) of Fighting to Overcome Records and Create Equality (FORCE), a civic group led by returning citizens. FORCE leaders received institutional support from Community Renewal Society (CRS), a larger faith and community-based organization, to lead a rights reform movement in Chicago. Findings suggest that FORCE leaders constructed notions of kinship, recognition, and power through civic capacity-building efforts—and that social belonging was core to such capacity-building efforts. While bonding social belonging occurred as FORCE leaders formed kinship with people facing similar social and economic marginality, bridging social belonging emerged as leaders felt recognized by CRS staff organizers, affiliates, and elected officials. Bonding and bridging social belonging enabled FORCE leaders, who faced constant social exclusion in society, to experience much needed kinship, recognition, and power. Future studies should continue to uncover how local capacity-building processes have life-changing relational effects on movement participants from socially and economically marginalized groups.     

Action!: Student-Generated Videos in Social Work Education

Experiential learning is a vital aspect of social work education, particularly for teaching community practice. The literature, however, provides few examples of technology-based experiential assignments that educators can implement in their classrooms. This exploratory study examined an innovative student-generated video assignment developed for a social work community practice course. Thirty-seven former students spanning three distinct semesters completed an online survey of closed- and open-ended questions. Findings indicate the video assignment enhanced understanding of community practice and provided a unique diffusion factor. Participants appreciated how the video assignment differed from traditional assignments by offering opportunity for praxis, creativity, and acquisition of technological skills. Educators should note the challenges of student-generated videos to maximize their educational benefit and sustain student receptivity to such assignments. Teaching video-making skills has implications for post-graduation employment in the human service sector.