企业家人力资本模型初论

企业家人力资本模型把企业家的甄别分为两个阶段:企业家人力资本的积累和企业家人力资本的配置。在企业家人力资本积累过程中个体完成了企业家资格的自我甄别。其中个体的先天心理特质和制度环境起着重要作用。企业家人力资本的配置实际上是企业家人力资本的市场甄别,市场对个体传递的企业家人力资本信号———学历、经历与业绩、个人资本和社会资本———进行甄别,以发现"真正"企业家人力资本,并完成企业家人力资本的配置。其中个人财富只是一个重要信号,而不是惟一信号。     

中国教育资源市场化与个体选择：初中课外补习效应异质性探究

本文在中国教育资源市场化的背景下,探究了初中课外补习对学业成绩的效应异质性及其对教育公平的启示。通过分析“中国教育追踪调查”（CEPS）的数据发现,从同质性效应来看,参加课外补习对于提升初中生学习成绩没有显著影响,但参与课外补习的倾向性影响其效应异质性。课外补习有助于提高倾向性处于中间水平学生的学习成绩,表明课外补习受益学生大多来自学习成绩中等的普通工薪家庭。对于倾向性较低的大多数相对弱势的家庭和倾向性较高的少数优势家庭而言,课外补习对学业成绩的作用微乎其微。研究表明,中国教育领域的市场化变革和相关政策的制定需要考虑个体教育选择的复杂性及其对教育公平所造成的深刻影响。     

中国企业出口与生产率关系实证研究——对制造业企业自我选择效应和出口中学效应的分析

运用2005—2008年中国14个制造业企业面板数据,分析企业出口的自我选择效应和出口中学效应,结果表明:中国制造业企业出口与生产率的关系违背异质性企业贸易模型,自我选择效应不显著,并且存在"生产率悖论";出口中学效应也不显著。虽然出口企业的生产率与出口规模正相关,但在控制其他影响出口规模的变量后,生产率与出口规模则呈现负相关;在控制其他影响生产率的变量后,出口规模与生产率同样也会呈现负相关。中国企业出口的自我选择效应不显著的原因在于其加工贸易等现实条件与经典理论假设的背离;而中国企业出口中学效应不明显的重要原因则在于其自我选择效应的不显著和规模报酬递减。     

Demand for Immunization,Parental Selection,and Child Survival: Evidence from Rural India

This study focuses on the estimation of demand for immunization as well as its technological effect on the survival probability of a child in rural India. Careful attention is paid to the consequences of parental selection on survival technology and demand for health inputs. The results suggest that child mortality is negatively related to the likelihood of purchasing vaccination, but imperfect vaccination substantially reduce the beneficial effect. Results also suggest that a mother who perceives her child faces a risk of higher likelihood of death compensates for their beliefs in a beneficial way. Consequently, estimations that ignore this selection underestimate the impact of immunization on child survival. Mothers also engage in complementary behavior by reinforcing investment when they choose among health inputs. Estimations that ignore the complementarity substantially overstate the impact of prenatal care and delivery care on demand for immunization. The evidence for complementarity among measured inputs also implies that there might be favorable selection between measured and unmeasured inputs, although the adverse selection seems dominant in this study.Useful comments were received from Michael Grossman, John Strauss, Agnes Quisumbing, Robert Retherford, Rakesh Munshi, DoAnne Sanchez, Kathleen Beegle, seminar participants in the Econometric Society meeting and University of Hawaii, and two anonymous referees. I would like to thank Gayle Yamashita and Vicky Ho for their assistance with compiling data.     

中国企业出口行为与生产率关系的历史回溯:2001——2007

中国2001--2007年227家上市公司样本的生产率测算结果,以及中国企业出口的自我选择效应和出口学习效应测算结果显示,企业生产率在即将出口和不出口企业之间没有显著性差异,即将出口的企业生产率没有明显高于不出口企业,从而说明中国企业的自我选择效应并不存在,而且出口因素对企业出口溢值的影响显著。同时,出口企业与非出口企业的生产率增长差异较显著,由此验证了企业出口学习效应的存在。且所有制因素对出口企业与非出口企业生产率增长均无较大的影响,由此说明我国企业支持出口学习效应而不支持自我选择效应。因此,对以往中国企业通过出口行为获得学习效应的总结能为更好地推进我国企业国际化提供强有力的理论支持。     

Research Note: The LIVITY study: research challenges and strategies for engaging with the black caribbean community in a study of HIV infection

There is an increasing incidence of new HIV‐1 diagnoses among black Caribbeans in the UK, but there has been limited research in this area. The LIVITY study is the first in‐depth epidemiological and behavioural study to examine the impact of HIV among black Caribbeans in the UK. The UK black Caribbean community has traditionally been regarded as less likely to participate in clinical research and surveys. We identified three major challenges to recruitment to the LIVITY study: general distrust of the research process; the considerable stigma surrounding HIV in the black Caribbean community and the sensitivity of obtaining detailed sexual histories. The strategies devised to help overcome these barriers to optimise recruitment included: the establishment of a black Caribbean Community Advisory Group to facilitate communication between the community and the researchers and assist in questionnaire design to improve acceptability to the participants; use of healthcare practitioners as gatekeepers; extensive piloting and modification of the questionnaire among black Caribbean patients; reassurances of confidentiality during recruitment; and ethnic matching between interviewer and study participants. Another challenge was the high rate of loss to follow‐up among eligible patients, potentially compromising the study’s generalisability. Nevertheless, use of the above strategies resulted in a satisfactory enrolment rate of 57%, who were representative of all eligible patients.     

Self-selection and direct estimation of across-regime correlation parameter

A direct maximum likelihood (ML) procedure to estimate the ‘generally unidentified’ across-regime correlation parameter in a two-regime endogenous switching model is here provided. The results of a Monte Carlo experiment confirm consistency of our direct ML procedure, and its relative efficiency over widely applied models and methods. As an empirical application, we estimate a two-regime simultaneous equation model of domestic work of Italian married women in which the two regimes are given by their working status (employed or unemployed).     

Are migrant minorities strategically self-selected?

In this paper we focus on the possibility of migrants' self-selection through strategic remittances. We argue that migrants of a specific community might be pooled with migrants from other ethnic minorities on the labor market of the foreign host country and that this could reduce the occurrence of strategic remittances. In a simple model with two types of workers, skilled and unskilled, facing two possible actions, to migrate or not to migrate, we derive the theoretical conditions under which strategic transfers are still operating when pooling among communities is introduced. We then show through numerical illustrations that the case for strategic transfers is rather weak when using realistic values for the main parameters of the model. Received: 1 October 1997/Accepted: 7 April 1998     

我国小微企业经营角色变迁及分化原因研究

小微企业是实现国强民富的重要路径。经营角色变迁的最终结果是小微企业发展为拥有法人财产权的独立的市场主体，具有充分的要素方式经营决策权。小微企业分化是外部环境选择与自我选择的结果。市场化改革及推进、城镇化、新农村建设及工业化快速发展等外部环境的变化推动了小微企业的分化，并且，企业行为理性及行为理性主导下的新的要素方式治理模式的广泛应用也将有助于小微企业之间发生分化。     

The Dynamics of Self-Organization

ABSTRACT

The following reviews the promises and limitations for social work of self-organization theory, an integral part of the emerging field of complex systems. Self-organization refers to the capacity of many systems to spontaneously develop novel forms of organization with little external interference. The primary focus of the review involves what the author contends are several neglected dimensions of higher level self-organizing systems, specifically: (1) the role of consciousness and intentionality; (2) the capacity for self-selection as a means of seeding self-organizing processes; and (3) the possibility that some forms of self-organization are based on nonlocal processes involving the synchronistic correlation between separated parts of systems.