The behavior of the battered child: A behavioral deficiency syndrome resulting from developmental interferences and reactive learning

Behavioral observation of battered children reveals a generalized syndrome consisting of apathy, social isolation, emotional constriction, aggression, and intellectual, motor and language retardation. This syndrome is considered to be a ‘behavioral deficiency syndrome.’ Developmental interference imposed by abusive parents upon the child, and subsequent reactive learning by the child are discussed as etiological factors in the development of this syndrome. Implication of these etiological factors for therapy of the abusive family are also discussed.     

当代资本主义内部的反叛与修复机制--60年代美国学生运动分析

第二次世界大战后,美国从传统工业社会向消费型后工业社会全面转型和相应文化转向,其中的新旧价值冲突在60年代引发了以学生反叛为代表的一系列社会运动。学生运动经历了一个从制度内改革到超越制度的文化反叛过程,它所建构的“60年代精神”已被主流社会制度化,从而变成修复和完善制度的力量。     

从《新生》到《新青年》——鲁迅创作的现代性寻求

从创办《新生》到走向《新青年》是鲁迅创作实践的探索期，也是鲁迅创作现代性追求的转型期，从这个时期内鲁迅思想的发展，可以看出中国现代启蒙思想及其相应的现代性寻求的历史脉动。     

相对论的建立与高层理论观念的能动作用

本文首先简述了相对论的理论构建过程，然后扼要地说明了在其理论构建过程中所涉及利的高层理论观念，最后探讨了高层理论观念在现代物理研究中的能动作用．     

Estimation of an exponential quantile under pitman's measure of closeness

We consider the problem of estimating a quantile of an exponential distribution with unknown location and scale parameters under Pitman's measure of closeness (PMC). The loss function is required to satisfy some mild conditions but is otherwise arbitrary. An optimal estimator is obtained in the class of location-scale-equivariant estimators, and its admissibility in the sense of PMC is investigated.     

On the distribution of quadratic forms in normal random variables

This paper provides necessary and sufficient conditions for a quadratic form in singular normal random variables to be distributed as a given linear combination of independent noncentral chi-square variables. Using this result, an extension of Cochran's theorem to quadratic forms of noncentral chi-square variables is derived.     

“The Motherhood Wage Gap for Women in the United States: The Importance of College and Fertility Delay”

One of the stylized facts from the past 30 years has been the declining rate of first births before age 30 for all women and the increase rate of first births after age 30 among women with four-year college degrees (Steven P. Martin, Demography, 37(4), 523–533, 2000). What are some of the factors behind womens decision to postpone their childbearing? We hypothesize that the wage difference often observed between like-educated mothers and non-mothers (Jane Waldfogel, Journal of Labor Economics, 16, 505–545, 1998a; Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(1) 137–156, 1998b) may be affected by the postponement of childbearing until after careers are fully established. Hence, we focus on college-educated women because they are typically more career-oriented than their non-college educated counterparts and also the group most often observed postponing maternity. We use individual-level data on women from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) in order to control for individual-level unobserved heterogeneity as well as human capital characteristics, such as actual work experience, in our empirical analysis. We estimate wage equations, first producing base-line results to compare to the existing literature. Then, we expand the basic wage equation model to address fundamental econometric issues and the education/fertility issue at hand. Our empirical findings are two-fold. First, we find that college-educated mothers do not experience a motherhood wage penalty at all. In fact, they enjoy a wage boost when compared to college-educated childless women. Second, fertility delay enhances this wage boost even further. Our results provide an explanation for the observed postponement of maternity for educated women. We argue that the wage boost experienced by college-educated mothers may be the result of their search for family–friendly work environments, which, in turn, yields job matches with more female-friendly firms offering greater opportunities for advancement.JEL Codes: J13 and J3     

The Relationship Between Wife’s Education and Husband’s Earnings: Evidence from 1960 to 2000

Previous research finds a positive relationship between a wife’s education and her husband’s earnings using data from the 1960s. Earlier theories suggest that benefits accrue from informational sharing between partners in a marriage. This paper tests the hypothesis that a wife’s education is positively associated with her husband’s earnings, using data from the 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses. Between 1960 and 2000, the educational attainment and labor-force participation of married women has increased dramatically. As women have embarked upon their own careers, has their education continued to be positively associated with their husbands’ earnings? Yes. The coefficient of the wife’s education remains positive and significant for all the years under study. The size of the coefficient decreases, however, from 1960 to 2000.     

"三个代表"重要思想与提高党的执政能力

本文从新的理论基础、新的思维方式、新的价值取向、新的行为选择四个方面,着重分析了"三个代表"重要思想与提高党的执政能力之间的内在联系,以期为二者关系的深入研讨提供新的视角.     

A formula for P(bi≤Ri≤ai, 1≤i≤m) under a general class of alternatives

Let X_i≤?≤X_m and Y_i≤?≤Y_n be two sets of independent order statistics from continous distributions with distribution functions F and G respectively. Let R_i denote the rank of X_i in the combined order sample. Steck (1980) has found an expression for P(b_i≤R_i≤a_i, all i) when F = h(G), h being the incomplete beta function with parameters (α,β?α+1). An alternative expression for the same probability is obtained which is computationally a substantial improvement on Steck's result.