知识论证的三大困境

物理主义和反物理主义围绕现象意识展开了一系列讨论,知识论证试图证明有关现象意识的事实是非物理的现象事实,而物理事实和知识是关于整个世界的完整描述的物理主义观点是错误的.但是,以下论证揭示了知识论证所面临的不可回避的困境:经验现象或感质本身的合理性受到了质疑;关于经验现象的知识不能通过物理知识获得的观点也是不成立的;能力假说直接反驳了知识论证是合理可行的,否定了现象事实和现象知识具有独立的本体论地位,指出主体在意识经验中获得了新的能力.     

隐性知识在产品概念设计中的应用

工业设计领域中,提高产品的设计质量是利益最大化的首要途径,而产品概念设计直接决定产品设计质量,而隐 性知识为产品概念创新设计提供了新的思路,因此,提出一种关于隐性知识应用于产品概念设计中的方法。在理解隐性 知识概念的前提下,从产品出发,挖掘隐藏在产品中的隐性知识,将这些隐性知识显性化,用人们容易理解、接受的知识 进行表达,便于被重新利用。通过收集大量的产品隐性知识,建立产品隐性知识库,借助案例推理( case-based reasoning, CBR)技术,运用相似度计算法,获取知识库中与目标设计要求相似度最大的案例,将其作为目标设计或作参考,直接运 用于新产品的开发中。结果表明,该方法不仅能缩短产品设计周期,而且能大大提高产品的质量。本研究为企业迅速抢 占市场,赢得市场份额具有一定意义。     

近年来我国教师培训研究热点知识图谱及发展趋势

为了更客观和直观地展示我国近六年教师培训研究成果,并为未来的教师培训研究提供知识支持,本研究采用关键词共词分析法,利用Bicomb2软件及SPSS软件对从中国知网中检索查询的2010-2016年间的1254篇文献进行了分析,绘制了有关教师培训研究方面的热点知识图谱。结果表明,教师培训热点主要集中在“教师培训现状及对策研究”、“培训形式与质量研究”、“国外教师培训研究与我国高校教师的培训研究”三个方面。     

知识嵌入性、知识流动与战略联盟结构升级的关系研究

知识嵌入性是知识经济时代战略联盟共享有限资源,推动产业结构升级的重要途径。为打开知识嵌入性与战略联盟结构升级关系的黑箱,以知识管理、战略创新及复杂网络等相关理论为基础,对知识嵌入性的构成维度予以划分。进一步地,设定知识嵌入性的构成维度为联盟结构升级的前置变量,引入知识流动作为中介变量,构建知识嵌入性、知识流动与战略联盟结构升级的概念模型。采用结构方程的研究方法,以长三角地区的战略联盟为研究对象,基于295份有效问卷进行实证检验。研究结果表明:基于知识嵌入的构成维度,知识互补性、知识兼容性、知识紧密度与知识协调度对战略联盟结构升级呈显著的正相关关系,知识流动分别在知识互补性、知识兼容性、知识紧密度、知识协调度与联盟结构升级的关系中起部分中介作用。研究明晰了知识嵌入性、知识流动与联盟结构升级的关系,解释了知识嵌入性对联盟结构升级的作用机理,为战略联盟的管理实践提供有益借鉴。     

上司示意型知识隐藏的双刃剑效应及其边界条件研究

基于压力认知评价理论,构建了有调节的中介模型以探讨上司示意型知识隐藏影响下属知识隐藏的二元效应及其边界条件。基于两个时间点的团队成员配对数据,采用路径分析对假设模型进行检验。研究结果表明:上司示意型知识隐藏一方面会诱发道德推脱,从而促进下属知识隐藏;一方面也会唤醒关系经营,从而抑制下属知识隐藏;且两种效应与道德认同和权力距离导向的联合调节作用相关。     

Some notes on Church's thesis and the theory of games

This paper considers games in normal form played by Turing Machines. The machines are fed as input all the relevent information and then are required to play the game. Some impossibility results are derived for this set-up. In particular, it is shown that no Turing Machine exists which will always play the correct strategy given its opponent's choice. Such a result also generalizes to the case in which attention is restricted to economically optimizing machines only. The paper also develops a model of knowledge. This allows the main results of the paper to be interpreted as stemming out of the impossibility of always deciding whether a player is rational or not in some appropriate sense.     

Knowledge,Attitudes, and Informational Behaviors of College Students in Regard to the Human Papillomavirus

Abstract

Objective: To assess students’ human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Participants/ Methods: Students (N = 1,282) at a large, public university in the Northeast United States completed a questionnaire during February 2008 assessing HPV knowledge, prevalence, transmission, cervical cancer risk and stigma; sexual behavior, vaccination status, as well as past and preferred sources of information about HPV and sexual health. Results: A majority of respondents know of HPV. However, understanding was insufficient in several important areas. Overwhelmingly, respondents heard about HPV via television commercials yet preferred to obtain sexual health information from physicians. Hearing about HPV on a TV commercial was associated with increased knowledge. More knowledge of HPV was associated with less stigma. Men exhibit a higher level of stigma and less knowledge than women. Conclusions: Publicly funded health campaigns aimed at increasing knowledge about HPV are overdue and necessary. This is especially true for efforts targeting young adults about this extremely common sexually transmitted infection (STI).     

From a Given to a Construct

The transition towards a cognitive and post-industrial economy has led to the emergence of new strategies of capture of the immanent productive capacities of the social forces. Heritage entities are subject to, and also participate in, processes by which common creativity and knowledge are being harnessed by novel forms of rent and control. The objective of this paper was to show that conceiving heritage as a common situated in specific contexts rather than as a universal essence can open up novel epistemological spheres of communication between different knowledge practices. Also, it can help bridge some ontological gaps among the various stakeholders in the arena of heritage, such as academics, managers, architects, local communities and market forces. This entails considering heritage as an emergent material and immaterial construction process involving many different agents. Currently, these processes tend towards the privatization of common values and the shattering of local communities. Normally, this situation entails a fundamental alienation between objects and subjects, and the reification of heritage. This paper suggests that considering heritage as a common could provide a different perspective to tackle this crucial problem. Accordingly, scholars should not only be bound to a critical discursive stance, but should also commit to ‘ontological politics’ that would situate them as mediators between the global hierarchies of value generated by heritage and the common productive potential of local communities.     

坚持机制创新,迎接知识经济挑战

我国即将加入WTO,知识经济也在全世界范围内悄然兴起,科学技术对社会经济的发展和国家综合实力的增强所起的作用越来越大.高等学校的科技工作者作为国家科技事业的生力军,应该居安思危,不断总结经验,坚持机制创新,保持活力,在培养人材、多出成果和推动科技成果尽快向现实生产力转化方面多做工作,为科教兴国做出应有的贡献.