社会阶层地位与清廉感知: 差异及解释——基于2016年度全国廉情调查数据的实证分析

公众清廉感知是近年来廉政研究领域中的一个热点议题,然而,现有研究忽略了社会公众内部的阶层差异性。对2016年度全国廉情调查数据的实证分析发现：公众的社会阶层地位与政府清廉感知之间具有显著相关性,且总体上呈现出倒U形特征,中间社会阶层的公众对各级政府的清廉感知水平显著更高。进一步的中介效应分析表明,不同社会阶层在腐败容忍度、反腐败满意度、腐败经历和感知信息来源渠道等方面的差异是导致其清廉感知差异的重要内在影响机制。近年来政府反腐败努力得到了绝大部分中间社会阶层群体的认可,但下层社会公众对各级政府清廉感知水平更低的情况说明,必须进一步优化反腐败策略,更加注重解决基层群众身边的腐败问题。     

认知视阈下语言模糊性的层次性考察

从语言模糊性产生的这一根本原因出发,采用层次论的方法对于语言模糊性在语言不同层次的体现进行考察,描述了模糊性在语言不同层次的体现,提出了“模糊性的层次呈现性递减及消解性递增”这一考察方案,探索了这些模糊现象的认知成因。     

Occupational stress in universities: staff perceptions of the causes, consequences and moderators of stress

In recent years, the Australian university sector has undergone large-scale organizational change, including restructuring, downsizing and government funding cuts. At the same time, research from across the globe reports an alarming increase in the occupational stress experienced by university staff. We report on the first phase of a longitudinal investigation of occupational stress. A total of 22 focus groups were conducted with a representative sample of 178 academic and general staff from 15 Australian universities. The groups focused on understanding staff 's experience of occupational stress, and perceptions of the sources, consequences and moderators of stress. Both general and academic staff reported a dramatic increase in stress during the previous 5 years. As a group, academic staff reported higher levels of stress than general staff. Five major sources of stress were identified including: insufficient funding and resources; work overload; poor management practice; job insecurity; and insufficient recognition and reward. The majority of groups reported that job-related stress was having a deleterious impact on their professional work and personal welfare. Aspects of the work environment (support from co-workers and management, recognition and achievement, high morale, flexible working conditions), and personal coping strategies (stress management techniques, work/ non-work balance, tight role boundaries and lowering standards), were reported to help staff cope with stress. The findings provide a timely insight into the experience of stress within universities.     

Social and behavioral skills and the gender gap in early educational achievement

Though many studies have suggested that social and behavioral skills play a central role in gender stratification processes, we know little about the extent to which these skills affect gender gaps in academic achievement. Analyzing data from the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort, we demonstrate that social and behavioral skills have substantively important effects on academic outcomes from kindergarten through fifth grade. Gender differences in the acquisition of these skills, moreover, explain a considerable fraction of the gender gap in academic outcomes during early elementary school. Boys get roughly the same academic return to social and behavioral skills as their female peers, but girls begin school with more advanced social and behavioral skills and their skill advantage grows over time. While part of the effect may reflect an evaluation process that rewards students who better conform to school norms, our results imply that the acquisition of social and behavioral skills enhances learning as well. Our results call for a reconsideration of the family and school-level processes that produce gender gaps in social and behavioral skills and the advantages they confer for academic and later success.     

当代中国的社会分层与社会稳定

社会分层是现代化进程中必然出现的社会现象。我国的社会分层一方面从根本上保障了我国社会的整体稳定,但另一方面也存在着一些对社会稳定的不利因素,如贫富差距拉大、中产阶级弱小、身份壁垒等。这些问题可通过改革过时的制度与政策、完善社会保障制度、合理配置公共资源等途径来解决。     

The translocal villagers. Mining,mobility and stratification in post-apartheid South Africa

Internal labour migration from rural areas to urban centres has been and remains one of the dominant patterns of migration in South Africa. Based on data from ethnographic field research, this paper explores the mobility patterns and translocal relations of miners in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. By considering the tension between mobility and locality in a historical and political perspective, the concept of translocality helps to explain why miners try to expand their action space and, at the same time, why they are embedded in certain places. Thus, a translocal perspective enhances the interpretation of the spatio-temporal transformations in South Africa’s mining communities and beyond, as it sheds light on the agency of mine workers, superseding merely structuralist explanations.     

基于多模态学术英语口语语料库的中国理工科大学生单词重音位移研究

基于自建多模态学术英语口语语料库对中国理工科大学生单词重音位移进行研究,分析了主要单词重音位移、主要单词重音位移分布、不同年级不同性别学生之间重音位移标准频数以及是否具有显著性差异。研究表明,单词重音位移主要发生在多音节词发音中,并且单词重音位移至第二音节的频次最多。从不同年级、不同性别学生之间的对比分析来看,一年级学生重音位移标准频数多于二年级学生,女生重音位移标准频数多于男生,但不同年级、不同性别学生之间重音位移均不具有显著性差异。在总结研究结果的基础上提出教学和学习建议。     

以就业为导向发展职业教育的理论思考

当前,教育部明确提出以就业为导向,加快推进职业教育的改革创新。这一职业教育发展方向有其社会学、经济学和教育学的深刻的理论依据。在职业教育发展中应充分考虑社会分层对毕业生就业的影响,准确定位人才培养目标;认识到以就业为导向是获取人力资本投资收益、寻求人才供需平衡的有效手段。以就业为导向由职业教育本质属性决定,其有助于个体的职业社会化。     

略论语言规范及其层次性

通过探讨语言的定义,澄清当前关于语言规范的一些模糊认识,进一步强调语言规范的必要性。文章论述了语言规范的层次性,分析了文学语言的特征并表明了作者对文学语言规范的态度。     

中美地方高校人才培养目标与方案比较研究

人才培养目标的设计和人才培养方案的制定是提高人才培养质量的重要保证。文章通过对中美地方高校人才培养目标与方案的对比与分析,指出了我国地方性高校在人才培养目标设计和人才培养方案制定中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策建议。