Theory Trimming

This paper attempts to show that the “Theory Trimming” technique makes little contribution to theory in sociology. A brief history of the technique is given, and several key assertions of its proponents are abstracted. These assertions are shown to be highly questionable. The general alternative to Theory Trimming is shown, and the relationship between Theory Trimming and more general orientations to research is discussed.     

Sex similarities in occupational status attainment: Are the results due to the restriction of the sample to employed women?

Research on sex differences in occupational attainment suggests that working men and working women attain essentially the same mean level of occupational attainment and do so through quite similar processes. A possible explanation for these similarities is that the sample of working women contains an overrepresentation of successful women, since women who can afford not to work will stay out of the labor force unless they find a job commensurate with their education. This we define as a censoring problem. By extending a technique developed by Heckman, we can estimate the structural parameters for all women, regardless of current employment status. This procedure allows us to assess the impact of the censoring problem on women's occupational attainment equations.     

Size and duration of empires growth-decline curves, 3000 to 600 b.c.

Area changes of about 30 best known empires and states are compiled and tabulated. Superimposed and juxtaposed graphs (size versus time) help to visualize the relative size and location in time of these empires. Size-time integral, maximum stable size, adulthood date, and duration are defined operationally and are listed for 20 empires. A criterion is given for distinctness of successive empires. The size-time integral is a direct measure of an empire's impact on history insofar as that impact depends on sheer size and duration. The integral is largest for the Chinese Hsia-Shang, Egyptian New, Old, and Middle, Assyrian New, and Hittite empires. A world-wide territorial concentration index is tabulated. It increases during the period considered from 0.08 to 1.4% of the world dry land area.     

Estimating chance reproducibility in Guttman Scaling

A definition of reproducibility in Guttman Scaling and two chance measures of reproducibility are suggested. The first measure assumes that the items are independent. The second method assumes nonindependent items and fits respondent and item margins by an iterative method used in fitting log-linear models. Chance reproducibility is conceptualized in terms of assumptions about respondent variability.     

进城农民工的弱势地位分析

随着构建社会主义和谐社会目标的提出,城市弱势群体问题开始得到人们越来越多的关注。在这个群体中,进城农民工的弱势状况引起了人们更多的思考,因为,无论是在数量上,还是在弱势化的程度上,他们都已经成为城市弱势群体的主体。这个群体是怎样产生的;其弱势化的程度如何;造成其弱势的原因是什么;针对这种程度和原因,我们对其弱势状况又应做出怎样的判断,这是本文所要回答的问题。     

新乡贤助推乡村振兴战略实现的路径研究

乡村振兴重在“人才振兴”,只有解决好了人的问题,乡村才能真正振兴,因而推动各类人才尤其是吸引新乡贤参与家乡各项事业发展,成为实现乡村振兴战略的客观要求。新乡贤作为实现乡村振兴战略的重要力量,在全面推进乡村振兴过程中对产业振兴、人才振兴、文化振兴、生态振兴和组织振兴等都发挥着积极作用,但在实践中暴露出一些突出问题,诸如对新乡贤认识定位不清晰、缺乏情感沟通、实践渠道受阻以及权益保障不到位等。为此,需要通过多种舆论宣传确保新乡贤“时刻挂念家乡”、加强日常情感联系推动新乡贤“经常回来走走”和注重多措并举鼓励支持新乡贤“共谋家乡发展”等实施路径,来不断提升新乡贤在乡村振兴中的工作实效性。     

我国“放管服”改革成效评估与展望

目的/意义 近年来,“放管服”改革已成为学术界研究的热点主题,十九大的胜利召开对“放管服”改革也提出了新的要求和指导建议。因此,系统梳理和比较国内“放管服”改革研究状况,对今后“放管服”改革的理论与实践推进具有重要意义。 设计/方法 选取国内“放管服”改革研究的重要期刊文献,对比分析十九大召开前后国内“放管服”改革研究的整体发展现状及研究内容差异。 结论/发现 十九大召开前后“放管服”改革的研究热点主题存在“差异多、共性少”的特点,而研究团队则表现为“共性多、差异少”,研究内容则呈现出“大同小异”的高度一致性特点。从内涵和问题优化上看,前后阶段表现为“共性少、差异多”;而从实践模式及效果评价上看,前后阶段表现为继承与发扬的关系,后阶段研究是对前期研究的持续深入推进。最后,从强化研究团队间的沟通合作,深入推进案例和实证研究,增加定性与定量相结合的混合研究三个方面提出未来研究展望。     

无罪推定与诉诸无知论证比较研究

无罪推定与诉诸无知论证的论证形式虽然相同,但实质却有根本区别,主要表现在两个方面:(1)诉诸无知论证转移了举证责任,无罪推定并未转移举证责任;(2)诉诸无知论证中的立论主体和评判主体相同,无罪推定过程中的立论主体和评判主体并不相同。正是基于这些根本差异,本文认为,无罪推定不同于诉诸无知论证,无罪推定的逻辑本质并不是“诉诸无知”。