Estimation of signal to noise ratio using mahalanobis distance

In this paper, we propose some alternative estimatiors to that given by C. G. Khatri and C. R. Rao (1985), for estimating Signal to Noise ratio. Using Pitman Nearness, Condition for prefering one estimator over the other is estabilished. It is shown numerically that estimators corresponding to Entropy loss function are better more oftern than those corresponding to Squared Error loss.     

Normal approximation in an urn model with indistinguishable balls

For the Bose-Einstein Statistics, where n indistinguishable balls are distributed in m urns such that all the arrangements are equally likely, define the random variables

M_k = number of urns containing exactly k balls each;

N_k = number of urns containing at least k balls each.

We consider the approximation of the distributions of M_k and N_k by suitable normal distributions, for large but finite m. Estimates are found for the error in the approximation to both the probability mass function and the distribution function in each case. These results apply also to the alternative model where no urn is allowed to be empty. The results are illustrated by some numerical examples.     

The Relative Size of Windfall Income and the Permanent Income Hypothesis

A reconciliation is offered for the diverse test results on Friedman's permanent income hypothesis. A large data sample of those receiving windfall income in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' 1972–1973 Consumer Expenditure Survey is divided according to the size of the windfall relative to estimated permanent income. A pattern of a declining marginal propensity to consume windfall income as the relative size of the windfall increases is apparent. These results support the permanent income hypothesis for relatively large windfalls.     

Estimation of firm-specific technological bias,technical change and total factor productivity growth: a dual approach

This paper deals with modeling firm-specific technical change (TC), and technological biases (inputs and scale) in estimating total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Several dual parametric econometric models are used for this purpose. We examine robustness of TFP growth and TC among competing models. These models include the traditional time trend (TT) model and the general index (GI) model. The TT and the GI models are generalized to accommodate firm-specific TC and technological bias (in inputs and output). Both nested and non-nested tests are used to select the appropriate models. Firm-level panel data from the Japanese chemical industry during 1968- 1987 is used as an application.     

新世纪学报工作的发展研究

形势的发展,要求学报进行创新式的工作,将学报的发展与市场经济建设相联系;由此,大推进式的建构学报工作的新路径。     

以孔子体育教育思想为镜观中国教育思想中轻体的痼疾

孔子的教育思想影响中国两千年,但由于历史的错误,其光辉的体育教育思想一度被淹没,面对当今轻体思潮依然严重的现状,我们有必要还孔子体育教育思想以本来面目,并借以抨击现有轻体思潮的痼疾,以求得我们的体育教育能朝着健康的方向发展.     

试论离婚之精神损害赔偿制度

离婚之精神损害有离因精神损害和离婚精神损害两种.前者是夫妻一方对另一方构成侵权行为而导致离婚,从而给一方造成精神痛苦,受害方可请求精神损害赔偿.我国新的<婚姻法>确立了这一精神损害赔偿制度,填补了我国婚姻制度的一个空缺.而后者是夫妻一方对另一方并无侵权行为,离婚本身即为构成精神损害之直接原因,如由于第三者插足、婚外恋、夫妻一方被判处徒刑等.这种离婚同样使一方受到精神损害,自然也应得精神损害赔偿.遗憾的是,新的<婚姻法>并未作此规定.因此,要完善我国离婚之精神损害赔偿制度,不仅要使离婚之精神损失赔偿的权利义务主体进一步扩大,把第三者也作为离婚之精神损害赔偿的义务主体,而且还要将离因精神损害赔偿扩大到离婚精神损害赔偿,将因婚外恋、第三者插足、因配偶一方犯罪而被判入狱和其他原因导致离婚的情况作出规定,使精神受害者得到应有的经济救济和补偿.     

浅谈美国学校教育特色

美国学校教育注重培养学生适应社会、生活的能力 ,结合丰富多彩的课外活动 ,为学生提供广泛的选修课程的机会 ,以促进学生个性特长及能力的培养     

社会多元化转型期隐私权与知情权关系研究

当代中国,社会的思维方式、行为方式、评价模式发生着深刻变化,并具体对隐私权与知情权的发展扩展产生重要影响。今天,隐私权与知情权冲突问题日益突出,冲突本质在于两者在价值与利益问题上的紧张关系,并具体展现为公法领域冲突与私法领域冲突两大方面。为化解权利冲突,应明确人格尊严与自由、社会政治与公共利益的基本冲突协调原则,构建包括认定、确立、调整、评价四个层次的完整冲突协调体系。