Who by Accident? The Social Morphology of Car Accidents

Prior studies in the sociology of accidents have shown that different social groups have different rates of accident involvement. This study extends those studies by implementing Bourdieu's relational perspective of social space to systematically explore the homology between drivers’ social characteristics and their involvement in specific types of motor vehicle accident. Using a large database that merges official Israeli road‐accident records with socioeconomic data from two censuses, this research maps the social order of road accidents through multiple correspondence analysis. Extending prior studies, the results show that different social groups indeed tend to be involved in motor vehicle accidents of different types and severity. For example, we find that drivers from low socioeconomic backgrounds are overinvolved in severe accidents with fatal outcomes. The new findings reported here shed light on the social regularity of road accidents and expose new facets in the social organization of death.     

Personality and organizational health: the role of conscientiousness

Organizational health research identifies processes through which the work environment and individual differences combine to influence both individual and organizational outcomes. This study investigated the contribution of conscientiousness to organizational health. Research in the areas of occupational stress, work performance, and organizational climate was used to develop a framework for integrating different elements of organizational health. Within this framework, the work environment was assessed by perceptions of workload and role clarity ; individual well-being was assessed by psychological distress and job satisfaction ; and behaviour important for organizational success was assessed by contextual performance. Conscientiousness was investigated within the framework using self-reports from a sample of 104 Australian employees. Conscientiousness directly influenced contextual performance but did not influence well-being or perceptions of the work environment. Conscientiousness also reduced the impact of role clarity on both psychological distress and job satisfaction. The role of conscientiousness in a comprehensive model of organizational health is discussed.     

Chinese and Americans Agree on What Is Fair,but Disagree on What Is Best in Societal Decisions Affecting Health and Safety Risks

Through surveys of students and junior professionals and interviews with business and government executives, we studied Chinese choices and fairness perceptions in risky health and safety decisions. The survey responses were compared with American responses from an earlier study by Keller and Sarin.The survey results show that the American and Chinese respondents had similar fairness perceptions, but the Chinese did not make decisions that were consistent with their fairness perceptions, whereas the Americans did. We found that the middle-age Chinese professionals tended to make choices that were more different from the Americans than were the choices of the young Chinese management students. It is likely that these discrepancies were caused by cultural differences, with the younger Chinese tending to face a stronger Western influence.The insights from the survey results were enriched by interviews that revealed fairness perceptions of Chinese business and government executives. A framework to interpret cultural influences on decision making was also proposed.     

浅析彝族传统农耕文化中的苦荞文化

彝族传承着别具特色的农耕文化,苦荞文化是彝族传统农耕文化中的重要组成部分。苦荞麦是彝族人的日常生活中重要的粮食之一;在长期的生产实践中,彝族人总结了苦荞麦生产的习俗和经验;在彝族节日、婚丧嫁娶、祭祀鬼神等民俗活动中,苦荞麦往往也是不可或缺的物品;苦荞麦可食可药,具有很好的医疗保健功效和巨大的市场开发价值。     

社会支持因素对城市老年人健康自评的影响——以北京市朝阳区为例

利用2010年北京市朝阳区城乡老年人口状况调查数据,应用Ordinal Logit回归方法分析了社会支持对我国城市老年人健康自评的影响。研究结果表明,在情感性支持方面,子女孝顺、家庭和睦对老年人的健康自评存在积极影响;在实质性支持方面,社会保障收入高低、看病是否方便和医疗保障状况也都对老年人的健康自评存在影响。作为控制变量的人口社会经济特征和客观健康指标也影响到城市老年人的健康自评。     

高等教育制度改革后贫困大学生心理健康问题浅析

本文阐述了高等教育制度改革后贫困大学生的心理健康问题,分析了贫困大学生心理健康问题的原因,并提出了化解贫困大学生心理健康问题的对策。     

泰国的计划生育/生殖健康目标管理

善用目标管理的知识和技能是泰国计划生育和生殖健康工作成功的重要因素。文章介绍了泰国在这方面的经验。     

中西部地区生殖健康家庭保健服务能力建设项目调查报告

利用定量与定性调查法,在国家计生委＂中西部项目＂试点中的江西省吉安县、重庆市永川区和海南省澄迈县,对服务对象的健康知识与行为以及他们对家庭保健服务的评价进行了调查研究。调查结果显示：群众健康知识的普及及健康行为基本形成 家庭保健服务拓展了人口计生部门的服务内容和范围 干群关系更加融洽,有利于和谐社会的构建。     

Simultaneous semi-sequential testing of dual alternatives for pattern recognition

In this paper, we propose a new nonparametric simultaneous test for dual alternatives. Simultaneous tests for dual alternatives are used for pattern detection of arsenic contamination level in ground water. We consider two possible patterns, namely, monotone shift and an umbrella-type location alternative, as the dual alternatives. Pattern recognition problems of this nature are addressed in Bandyopadhyay et al. [5], stretching the idea of multiple hypotheses tests as in Benjamini and Hochberg [6]. In the present context, we develop an alternative approach based on contrasts that helps us to detect three underlying pattern much more efficiently. We illustrate the new methodology through a motivating example related to highly sensitive issue of arsenic contamination in ground water. We provide some Monte-Carlo studies related to the proposed technique and give a comparative study between different detection procedures. We also obtain some related asymptotic results.     

Empirical nonparametric control charts for high-quality processes

For attribute data with (very) small failure rates often control charts are used which decide whether to stop or to continue each time r failures have occurred, for some r?1. Because of the small probabilities involved, such charts are very sensitive to estimation effects. This is true in particular if the underlying failure rate varies and hence the distributions involved are not geometric. Such a situation calls for a nonparametric approach, but this may require far more Phase I observations than are typically available in practice. In the present paper it is shown how this obstacle can be effectively overcome by looking not at the sum but rather at the maximum of each group of size r.