Bounds on Elasticities With Optimization Frictions: A Synthesis of Micro and Macro Evidence on Labor Supply

How can price elasticities be identified when agents face optimization frictions such as adjustment costs or inattention? I derive bounds on structural price elasticities that are a function of the observed effect of a price change on demand, the size of the price change, and the degree of frictions. The degree of frictions is measured by the utility losses agents tolerate to deviate from the frictionless optimum. The bounds imply that frictions affect intensive margin elasticities much more than extensive margin elasticities. I apply these bounds to the literature on labor supply. The utility costs of ignoring the tax changes used to identify intensive margin labor supply elasticities are typically less than 1% of earnings. As a result, small frictions can explain the differences between micro and macro elasticities, extensive and intensive margin elasticities, and other disparate findings. Pooling estimates from existing studies, I estimate a Hicksian labor supply elasticity of 0.33 on the intensive margin and 0.25 on the extensive margin after accounting for frictions.     

南宁市未成年人网络新媒体适应性现状调查分析

当今,互联网络等新媒体深刻地影响着未成年人的生活、学习方式。通过对南宁市6个城区以及管辖范围内的6个县的18所小学、12所初中和12所高中的1 800名未成年人开展网络适应性状况调查,结果显示,南宁市未成年人总体上是适应网络虚拟社会,具有一定的虚拟认识、虚拟实践和虚拟交往能力,但是不同类别的未成年人在网络适应程度上仍然存在较为明显的差异性和值得关注的问题。     

大型工业企业的布局亟待调整

我国大型工业企业在布局上存在着许多不合理现象 ,不利于国民经济协调发展 ,应高度重视并妥善加以解决。     

对莱阳市农业产业结构调整的调查与思考

农业产业结构调整是一项战略性的系统工程 ,其根本目的在于用市场经济的机制协调农产品的供需关系 ,促进农业的持续发展 ,使农产品的供给和需求在总量上力争保持基本平衡 ,使供给结构与需求结构在变化上保持协调 ,增加农民收入。但由于各地的具体情况不同 ,因而农业产业结构调整的方式、方法及措施也就不同。     

试论我国社会转型时期价值观的变化与调节

我国社会转型时期人们价值观念的变化出现了许多值得重视的问题和现象 ,这就是共产主义、社会主义和集体主义价值观受到严重挑战 ,而利已主义、个人主义的资产阶级价值观却在一部分人中间不断滋生和蔓延。为此 ,我们要加强共产主义、社会主义和集体主义价值观的宣传和教育 ,揭露和批判利已主义、个人主义的资产阶级价值观的腐朽性和危害性 ,正确引导和调节人们的价值观 ,以巩固和发展社会主义制度。     

总量均衡区间与宏观调控应确立的若干新原则

现代市场经济条件下 ,供给方调整其生产规模所需的成本可称为调节成本。由于存在调节成本 ,传统分析中的“总量均衡中心点”两侧便分别存在着“低位临界点”与“高位临界点” ,这两点界定了一个特殊的“总量均衡区间”。“总量均衡区间”的出现对宏观调控将产生诸多重要影响 ,使之面临一系列新问题、新挑战。为有效应对这种新情况 ,在宏观调控实践中有必要相应地确立“近似均衡原则”、“适度超前原则”、“临界点原则”、“供给方原则”。     

中国新型工业化发展道路问题研究

产业结构调整所面对的结构性矛盾,决定调整的是中国走新型工业化道路适应市场需求的调整.调整的主题是在工业化过程中促进产业升级,不仅涉及以信息化为内容的工业化,还涉及现代农业和现代服务业的发展,推动资本和市场向优势企业的集中,优化国有资本的分布结构,实现区域经济的协调发展.     

The Minimax,the Minimin,and the Hurwicz Adjustment Principle

In this paper the Hurwicz decision rule is applied to an adjustment problem concerning the decision whether a given action should be improved in the light of some knowledge on the states of nature or on other actors' behaviour. In comparison with the minimax and the minimin adjustment principles the general Hurwicz rule reduces to these specific classes whenever the underlying loss function is quadratic and knowledge is given by an ellipsoidal set. In the framework of the adjustment model discussed in this paper Hurwicz's optimism index can be interpreted as a mobility index representing the actor's attitude towards new external information. Examples are given that serve to illustrate the theoretical findings.     

Salient Beliefs About Earthquake Hazards and Household Preparedness

Prior research has found little or no direct link between beliefs about earthquake risk and household preparedness. Furthermore, only limited work has been conducted on how people's beliefs influence the nature and number of preparedness measures adopted. To address this gap, 48 qualitative interviews were undertaken with residents in three urban locations in New Zealand subject to seismic risk. The study aimed to identify the diverse hazard and preparedness‐related beliefs people hold and to articulate how these are influenced by public education to encourage preparedness. The study also explored how beliefs and competencies at personal, social, and environmental levels interact to influence people's risk management choices. Three main categories of beliefs were found: hazard beliefs; preparedness beliefs; and personal beliefs. Several salient beliefs found previously to influence the preparedness process were confirmed by this study, including beliefs related to earthquakes being an inevitable and imminent threat, self‐efficacy, outcome expectancy, personal responsibility, responsibility for others, and beliefs related to denial, fatalism, normalization bias, and optimistic bias. New salient beliefs were also identified (e.g., preparedness being a “way of life”), as well as insight into how some of these beliefs interact within the wider informational and societal context.     

南通职业教育与经济需求及其调整

在对南通区域经济与职业技术教育发展现状进行定量、定性分析的基础上,提出发展职教要从社会对教育的需求出发,以与产业结构相适应的人力资源结构为依据,以就业为导向,整合教育资源,调整专业设置,实现良性互动。并就如何发展区域性职业教育提出若干建议。