胡乔木与“反冒进”

1956年的＂反冒进＂和后来的批评＂反冒进＂,是新中国成立后在经济发展问题上的又一次党内高层分歧。最后的结果是以毛泽东的权力和权威迫使＂反冒进＂的正确观点统一于毛泽东鼓励＂冒进＂的错误主张。身为中央秘书班子重要成员的胡乔木,随着党的核心层的变化也经历了由支持＂反冒进＂转向批判＂反冒进＂的过程。研究这个变化过程,不仅有助于全面理解胡乔木,也为我们研究20世纪50年代党的宣传工作的得失提供了一个很好的视角。     

欧盟的碳捕获与封存立法及其启示

作为碳捕获和封存立法的先行者,欧盟制定了完善的碳捕获和封存立法。从欧盟碳捕获和封存立法经验来看,国家应该通过立法方式确认碳捕获和封存的地位,从而表明国家支持碳捕获和封存的立场。此外,为了有效地控制碳捕获和封存风险,推动碳捕获和封存的发展,国家应该制定严格的法律监管制度,并形成能够激励其发展的法律机制。     

概念合成理论下指令类言语行为转喻的解读

概念合成理论解释了思维过程的普遍规律,被广泛运用于隐喻、翻译、话语含义的推导等领域。概念合成理论下指令类言语行为可以分为前段激活、核心及结果段激活和后段激活三大类型。通过对指令类言语行为转喻的意义构建进行了解读。证实了概念合成理论对言语行为转喻的强大解释力。     

农民组织的形成与辅导

在农民组织的形成与辅导过程中 ,指导制度与相互作用制度宜交互应用 ,才能使组织弹性面对可能的变局。就技术或资源互补性 ;扩大规模降低经营成本 ;形成学习型组织等形成农民组织的动机进行了简述 ,说明“由上而下”及“由下而上”农民组织体系架构形成之时机和如何建构中卫体系以强化竞争力的可行做法。以茶山村的产业经营辅导为例说明辅导农民组织可透过地域环境调查 ;人力资源规划和参与动员 ;协助塑造山地的产业特色 ;经由产业关联及地理区位等体系建构各种中卫合作组织四个步骤进行之     

论“两课”教育教学与时俱进

随着信息技术在全球的迅猛发展,人类社会已进入一个全新的"网络时代"。在此新形势下研究和探索"两课"教育教学与时俱进,是"两课"教育教学的当务之急。把握网络时代机遇,充分发挥网络功能,创新教学内容、教学手段,使"两课"教学与时俱进,是21世纪高校"两课"教育教学不可忽视的新途径。     

试论贯穿中国特色社会主义理论体系的基本问题

改革开放以来,中国共产党不断进行理论创新和实践创新,创造性地探索和回答了四个重大的理论和实际问题：什么是马克思主义、怎样对待马克思主义,什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义,建设什么样的党、怎样建设党,实现什么样的发展、怎样发展。这既是我们党对改革开放以来的全部理论和全部实践的高度概括和深刻总结,也是始终贯穿于中国特色社会主义理论体系的基本问题。它们之间一脉相承又层层递进,实现了党在理论突破和实践发展上的与时俱进。     

The Influence of Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Factors on Advance Care Planning

This study investigated sociodemographic and psychosocial factors that enhance or impede the completion of advance care planning, analyzing data from the Health and Retirement Study. The analytic subsample included the panel participants who died between 2006 and 2010 and who had answered the psychosocial and lifestyle questionnaire when they were alive. Multinomial logistic regression was executed to answer the research question (N = 1,056). The study found that persons who were older, who were women, who identified themselves as White, and who had higher levels of income and education were more likely to be motivated to complete advance care planning. Having greater sense of control was found to weaken the adverse relationship between being African American and the completion of advance directives. Having cancer, suffering from the illnesses for longer periods of time, and having experience of nursing home institutionalization also predicted the completion of advance care planning. Implications include incorporating a culturally tailored approach for racial/ethnic minorities and using advance directives that are clear and easily understood. In addition, future research needs to include a larger minority population and examine the extent to which variations between racial/ethnic groups exist in relation to advance care planning.     

Does Volunteering Experience Influence Advance Care Planning in Old Age?

Advance care planning (ACP) increases the likelihood patients will receive end-of-life care that is congruent with their preferences and lowers stress among both patients and caregivers. Previous efforts to increase ACP have mainly focused on information provision in the very late stage of life. This study examines whether a relationship exists between volunteering and ACP, and whether this relationship is associated with social support. The sample comprises 877 individuals who were aged 55+ in 2008, and were deceased before 2010. The sample is derived from seven waves (1998–2010) of data from the Health and Retirement Study. Logistic regression results showed that overall ACP and durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC) were both higher (OR = 1.61 and 1.71, respectively) for older adults with volunteering experience in the past 10 years than those without such experience. Available social support (relatives and friends living nearby) was not associated with the relationship between volunteering and ACP. Other factors related to ACP included poorer health, death being expected, death due to cancer, older age, and being a racial minority. Involving older people in volunteer work may help to increase ACP. Future research is encouraged to identify reasons for the association between volunteering and ACP.     

学习型政党建设与党建方式的战略转型

建设马克思主义学习型政党把“学习”作为新时期党建的核心元素,标志着新时期的党建不仅承继长期以来积淀的宝贵经验,而且是以改革创新精神推进新时期党的建设伟大工程的重大实践。学习型政党的建设必将推进党建方式的战略转型即走向党建的集约化,也为实现这一转型奠定了理论基础和实现路径。     

Advance selling with freebies and limited production capacity

We consider a two-period pricing model in which a seller offers freebies along with the product when making advance sales, and production is constrained by capacity. The seller can offer freebies to increase both market base and customer׳s valuation toward the product in advance. The customers strategically determine whether to purchase the product in advance and gain freebies when their valuation on the product is uncertain, or delay their purchase decision until the regular selling period. We characterize the optimal pricing, quality level of the freebie and production quantity decisions that maximize the expected profits of the seller over the two periods.