Variability in measures of health and health behavior among emerging adults 1 year after high school according to college status

Objective: To examine changes in health behaviors among US emerging adults 1 year after high school. Participants: The national sample of participants (N = 1,927), including those attending 4-year college/university (n = 884), 2-year colleges/technical schools (n = 588), and no college (n = 455), participated in annual spring surveys 2013–2014. Methods: Health behaviors were assessed the last year of high school and first year of college; differences by college status controlling for previous-year values were estimated using regression analyses. Results: Relative to 4-year college attendees, those attending technical school/community college were less likely to binge drink (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, confidence interval [CI] = 0.38–0.86) but more likely to speed (OR = 1.26, CI = 1.0–2.84), consume sodas (OR = 1.57, CI = 1.0–2.47), and report lower family satisfaction (p < .01), with marginally more physical and depressive symptoms. College nonattendees reported more DWI (driving while intoxicated; OR = 1.60, CI = 1.05–2.47), soda drinking (OR = 2.51, CI = 1.76–3.59), oversleeping (OR = 4.78, CI = 3.65–8.63), and less family satisfaction (p < .04). Conclusions: Health risk behaviors among emerging adults varied by college status.     

Behavioral regulations and dispositional flow in exercise among American college students relative to stages of change and gender

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine behavioral regulations and dispositional flow in exercise among university students in terms of gender and stage of change. Participants: Data were collected from American college students (N = 257; M_age ± SD = 23.02 ± 4.05) in Spring 2013. Methods: Behavioral regulations and dispositional flow in exercise were assessed, along with stage of change. Results: Exercisers in the maintenance stage of change displayed significantly more self-determined motivation to exercise and a greater tendency to experience flow than those in preparation and action stages. Significant correlations were observed among behavioral regulations and flow state. Nonsignificant differences were observed for gender on behavioral regulations and dispositional flow in exercise. Conclusions: The results suggest that promotion of self-determined motivation and dispositional flow in exercisers may improve the quality of their experiences, as well as to foster their exercise behavior.     

浅议体育活动对大学生心理健康的促进

体育是一种大学生心理健康的积极有效的调适方法,体育对大学生心理健康的作用表现在大学生不良情绪的宣泄、增进交往提高社会适应能力、促进大学生形成良好的意志品质、形成良好的个性、心理治疗效应、培养竞争意识和协作精神等方面。为此,通过贯彻"健康第一"的思想,构建有效的体育课程模式,营造健康的校园体育文化环境,加强体育与健康课程的建设和管理,注重体育与心理咨询相结合,强化体育与心理健康教育的结合,将有利于大学生心理健康状况的改善。     

课外体育锻炼影响大学生自我发展的理论分析

在大量查阅分析关于身体自我的研究、形体感知偏差及流畅体验研究结果的基础上，采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法，对课外体育锻炼通过调节自我，增进大学生的心理健康机制进行了理论探讨和分析，并试图进一步解释大学生课外体育锻炼的心理健康效应。     

体育锻炼对大学生心理保健的作用

充分认识和了解体育锻炼对当今大学生心理保健所起的作用,可以帮助并引导大学生增强体质,消除心理障碍,调节精神状态。文章剖析了影响大学生心理健康的几种原因,从五个方面论述了体育锻炼对大学生心理保健的作用。     

股份有限公司股东表决权书面行使制度研究

随着我国公司实践的发展 ,许多股份有限公司都已采用了表决权书面行使这一股东表决权行使方式。而我国《公司法》对这一表决权行使方式却付诸阙如 ,因此实践中产生的许多问题都无法可依 ,这不利于股东权益的充分保护以及公司制度的正常运行。鉴于此 ,本文对与此相关的一些法律问题进行了探究 ,以期对完善我国股东表决权的立法有所裨益。     

村民自治罢免权行使的路径选择——从选举罢免到自主罢免

选举罢免作为村民自治内容不可或缺的一个组成部分,自身机制存在的局限性致使罢免的价值无法凸显。自主罢免权,强调自主,主张村民有不受他人限制自主提出、完成罢免议案的权利。但受压力体制下乡镇政府的管制和乡村存在复杂的利益因素影响,自主罢免权的行使仍然会受到各种阻力。因而,要通过厘清罢免动议和罢免主体要件、明确罢免的具体程序、建立监督保障机制等方面完善自主罢免权。     

运动减肥中运动强度的确定及在肥胖青少年运动减肥中的应用

依据无氧阈理论,探讨运动减肥强度的确定方法,为制定科学的运动减肥处方提供建议。首先,令受试者在实验室进行运动试验,采指尖血测血乳酸值,计算无氧阈值（%VO2max、HRAT和乳酸阈速度）,建立起无氧阈值与体脂百分比之间的关系;然后利用实验结论,指导6名肥胖青少年进行为期1个月的减肥实践,结果发现：无氧阈值与体脂百分比之间呈显著的中度负相关（P〈0.05）,随体脂百分比值增加呈下降趋势;1个月减肥实践后肥胖青少年体重和体脂肪均有显著降低（P〈0.05）。采用测定个体无氧阈强度的方式监控运动减肥中的运动强度,在实践中取得一定成效。     

建立独立董事行使职权的保障制度——以河北省上市公司为考察对象

本文从独立董事拥有的专业知识、付出的时间精力、获取的信息和收取的费用等四个角度出发,分析了独立董事行使职权中存在的制度性障碍,认为要解决这些问题,需成立独立董事协会,帮助独立董事在现有的专业知识的情况下,花较少的时间和精力,获取更多的信息、承担较小的风险,同时有效行使自己的职责。     

国家主权理论探析

从国家主权理论与实践的结合出发,可以提出两个新概念:国家主权的本质与国家主权的行使。国家主权的本质是对国家主权的理论表述,国家主权的行使是对国家主权的实践表现。在国家主权发展的历史中,主权本质与主权行使不仅具有同一性的一面,而且具有分离性(矛盾性)的一面。人们对国家主权的认识以及国家主权理论的发展是基于对主权同一性的认识,而主权的困境则是由实践中主权本质与主权行使的分离性所导致的。区分国家主权的本质与国家主权的行使,有利于解决经济全球化条件下国家主权所面临的困境问题。