广东省女性非户籍人口状况——农业户口与非农业户口的对比分析

根据2010年第六次人口普查汇总数据和2005年人口抽样调查数据,本文对广东省女性非户籍人口的基本状况和流动特征进行了分析,并且对比分析了农业户口和非农业户口的女性非户籍人口的基本状况。由于户口性质的不同,女性非户籍人口内部也出现了分化,存在一些较为明显的差异。这些分析结果,为进一步了解和服务女性非户籍人口提供了一定的参考。     

流动人口社会阶层结构及地区差异

本文根据2011年国家人口计生委流动人口动态监测抽样调查资料,以流动人口职业分类和收入为基础,分析了当前流动人口的社会阶层结构状况。研究发现,当前流动人口的社会阶层结构是一个“金字塔”型结构,位于塔尖的人数极少,而处于底层的人数庞大,同时,流动人口各阶层的收入结构和消费结构分化明显。分地区来看,流动人口阶层分化显示出地域的不平衡性,经济不发达的地区,社会阶层结构相对简单;经济发达的地区,不仅社会阶层结构比较复杂,更接近现代社会阶层结构的特点,其收入分配结构也更趋于合理。     

Carers Cruising Cumbria and Meals on the Mile: The Drive of Migrants in Fieldwork and Fiction

Abstract

This article focuses on first-generation migrant workers in the service sector of England’s North West and their mobile subjectivities. It combines the research on cars and driving with the mobilities agenda on transnational migrants. In this essay, we draw from both fiction and fieldwork to explore the mobile experiences of migrants who work within the region’s ‘service diaspora’. Two inter-related stories unfold about cars, care and curry. Both groups, one in a city-region, and the other rurally based, are defined heavily by their mobile labour. By placing literary and oral accounts together, disparate locations and situations suddenly appear connected as never before and driving becomes embedded in migrant worlds in both real and imaginary ways.     

Consumption-led mobilized urbanism: socio-spatial separation in the second-home city of Sanya

Abstract

Tourism and recreational second-home development has increased rapidly in peripheral and lower tier cities of China in recent years. While tourism-led real estate development has been widely accepted as an effective investment opportunity, it can increase urban segregation and stratification. This pattern is seen in the resort city of Sanya on Hainan Island, China. Sanya’s recreational second homes vary in form and can be categorized into (1) elite-vacation second homes (short stay, private homes), (2) lifestyle-migration second homes (short stay, commercial homes), and (3) retirement-migration second homes (longer term, seasonal homes). Unlike the segregated cities formed by displaced labor migrants in many of China’s cities, seasonal recreational migrants are both economically better-off and are emerging as a dominant political force. The segregated residential spaces created by Sanya’s second-home development landscape further limits interaction and social network building between indigenous local residents and part-time recreational migrants. The perceived home space and feelings of place attachment towards Sanya is under drastic change, with locals feeling increasingly displaced. The new mosaic of consumption-led amenity cities in developing economies is one where traditional models of migration-based segregation are reversed. Wealthier second-home migrants have the capacity for more political power than local residents, as well as relying more on non-localized social networks and multi-nodal home spaces. Consumption-led mobility is an important determinant in building explanations of socio-spatial segregation and stratification in global cities that are undergoing dramatic development change.     

我国农民工工资形成机制的不公平性研究

采用博弈论和新古典经济学的价值分析方法,研究我国在初次分配过程中农民工工资长期被压低的问题,认为我国农民工工资是被严重扭曲的,这必然造成了农民工权益损失;通过分析企业之间以及企业与农民工之间的不公平博弈,认为企业会一致采取扭曲农民工工资的联盟行动,而农民工在博弈过程中往往是被动、弱势的;另外分析了我国买方垄断的农民工劳动力市场的不合理定价机制,认为农民工实际得到的报酬低于企业的边际收益,说明企业存在对农民工的"剥削"问题。因此,我国农民工工资形成机制是不公平的,需要通过改革措施将农民工工资提高到合理水平。     

论近代中国东北关内移民与农业经济的迅速发展

近代以后,东北解除封禁,关内人民为了求食谋生大批迁居东北,形成了前所未有的移民大潮。关内移民使东北的无垠的荒原沃野得到了开发和利用,粮食产量迅猛提高,使东北迅速发展成为我国重要的粮食生产和商品粮基地,改变了长期以来的落后面貌,促进了东北边疆的全面繁荣和发展。     

Multi-level governance of an intractable policy problem: migrants with irregular status in Europe

ABSTRACT

This article explores the responses of European local authorities to the public service needs of residents with irregular immigration status and the tensions with national governments to which this can give rise. Drawing on a study of responses by national and local tiers, including a mapping of national legal frameworks on entitlements to health care and education, it identifies factors that lead to divergence between local and national policy framing and responses. Finding that socio-economic and individual consequences of exclusion dominate in shaping local framing of policy responses in contrast to national government priorities, it explores the implications for modes of multi-level governance (MLG) on this issue. It expands on the concept in the literature of ‘decoupling’, contrasting relationships of overt conflict with low-visibility strategies of conflict avoidance; demonstrating the differing forms this ‘shadow politics’ of migrants’ rights and shadow provision of services can take, including arms-length provision through NGOs. Thus the dynamic of MLG is itself one part of explaining the nature of local responses to the challenges that migrants with irregular status can pose.     

Learning from the Experiences of Ethnic Minorities Accessing HIV Services in Ireland

Since the mid-1990s, Ireland has become a more culturally diversesociety. To ensure equitable, culturally sensitive services,social workers need to consult with and listen to views of serviceusers. This paper reports on findings of two recent studiesby social workers in Ireland with migrants living with HIV.It highlights how many of those newly diagnosed with HIV arefrom sub-Saharan African countries and still in the asylum processand discusses barriers to accessing support and integratinginto Irish society. The paper points out that unless properlysupported, those living with HIV may find it difficult to disclosetheir HIV status and highlights the importance of tackling HIVstigma. It concludes with the need to provide training for healthcare workers to provide culturally appropriate services, andargues against immigration policies which inhibit integration.     

Timing Preferences for Women’s Family‐Life Transitions: Intergenerational Transmission Among Migrants and Dutch

This study examines the transmission of preferences regarding the timing of family‐life transitions of women among migrant and native Dutch families. We study how and to what extent parental preferences, migrant origin, and family characteristics affect the child’s timing preferences. We use parent and child data (N= 1,290) from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (2002, 2003) and the Social Position and Provisions Ethnic Minorities Survey (2002). Regression analyses reveal that parental timing preferences regarding family‐life transitions are strongly associated with the timing preferences of their children. Analyses also show that these preferences strongly vary by migrant origin, educational level, and religious involvement. The process of intergenerational transmission, however, is found to be very similar among migrants and Dutch.     

农民工职业心理与行为的现状分析与政策建议

随着我国社会经济的发展和各项制度改革的深入,农民工的职业心理与行为正逐步成为影响农民工职业走向的重要因素。通过对已有研究的梳理,本文从进城务工动机、未来职业取向、求职方式与择业标准以及职业培训动机四个方面揭示了当前农民工的职业心理与行为的特点,并在此基础上提出了促进农民工职业发展的政策建议。