略论丹江口水库移民迁置

丹江口水利枢纽工程是新中国水利建设史上的一大壮举,涉及水库淹没区移民38万人.由于处于特殊的时代背景,工程建设自身的专业技术局限及移民理论的滞后等等,造成诸多移民遗留问题.试从工程建设的建成过程、移民安置状况,以及造成移民遗留问题的多种原因等,概而论之.     

社会和谐与农民工社会保障问题

为农民工提供可靠的社会保障,才能不断促进农村剩余劳动力向城市转移,才能带来我国生产力的持续发展和社会的稳定和谐;隐藏在农民工社会保障问题背后的根源,有六大矛盾;建议采取建立农村劳务输出公司等措施,来解决这些矛盾。     

人口迁移与适应气候变化：西方争议与中国实践

当前,学界对于人口迁移是否属于适应气候变化的策略有正反两方面的观点。赞成者认为,迁移可以改善移民的生产生活条件和迁出地的生态环境;迁移是移民的生计策略;迁移带来的收入有利于迁出地的社区和家庭适应气候变化。反对者认为,气候变化引起的迁移是应对气候变化的失败,需要采取控制措施;迁移的结果通常是不理想的;强制性违背了受影响人口的意愿;迁移并不是在任何时候都适用的策略。通过对我国气候移民实践的分析发现：气候变化影响人口迁移动因,具有多元性,包括个体与家庭、政府干预和外部环境因素;迁移形式具有多样性,包括自发性、激励性和强制性等;在适应气候变化措施中,迁移与工程、技术性措施同等重要;迁移效果是非线性的,取决于移民政策与规划的制定、资源的整合与互济、工程的实施与管理、政府的移民理念等。为了更好地适应气候变化,需要将气候移民纳入适应气候变化战略规划、强化气候变化风险管理、为人口迁移与安置创造条件,逐步规范和完善迁移与安置政策与行动。     

唐代河朔移民及其社会文化变迁

由于受自然环境的制约,主体居民先进文化、经济的影响,以及唐王朝制度化的管理,河朔少数族移民普遍选择了定居、农耕的生产生活方式,甚至基层社会组织也与汉人趋同,部落组织在他们的社会生活中已经淡出,趋于消失.所谓"河朔胡化",实际上是少数族移民在融入汉人的过程中,尚未消弥的尚武特质,因为边防形势与割据时期征战的需要,有着充分发挥的余地.他们遗存的特质藉他们河朔军政官员、地方社会领袖的身份,又对河朔社会部分汉人上层人士产生了影响,但这并不是河朔文化习尚的主流,也不能使河朔地区思想文化发生质的变化,或者改变移民融入汉人社会的发展方向.     

新生代农民工职业培训意愿及其影响因素实证分析——基于江西省的调查

新生代农民工问题的解决是推进城乡二元体制改革、促进社会和谐稳定的一个关键性问题,而职业培训对新生代农民工提高自身素质具有不可或缺的独特作用。以江西省的调研数据为基础,利用交叉表和多元有序Logistic模型实证分析了个人因素、成本因素和收益因素对新生代农民工接受职业培训意愿的影响。结果表明,新生代农民工接受职业培训的意愿较强烈,个人因素中性别、文化程度、婚姻状况对新生代农民工职业培训意愿影响显著;成本因素中培训时间越长,新生代农民工职业培训意愿越弱;收益因素中培训对收入的影响和对职业发展的影响都与培训意愿呈显著的正相关关系。     

从西方经验到中国语境——以农民工为重点的文献考察

“媒体与移民身份认同”研究渐成热点,但研究论域和框架仍有待廓清.借助文献分析方法,梳理了“媒体与移民身份认同”研究在西方可资借鉴的若干理论资源或研究路径,以及在当下中国面临的特殊社会语境.结果显示：与西方聚焦的跨国移民性质不同,中国的移民,主要是以农民工为主体的“乡村—城市”单向性国内移民.由于西方经验与中国现实之间的差异与间离,研究我国“媒体与移民身份认同的关系”,既要借鉴西方经验,更要立足中国语境.另外,“移民与媒体”议题应该置于社会结构和社会政策的互动关系中考察,因为结构与政策的错位和冲突,是中国国内移民身份认同困境产生的主要根源.     

Social workers and intercultural mediators: challenges for collaboration and intercultural awareness

ABSTRACT

Social work in Europe is facing numerous challenges in terms of promoting the participation of migrants and their descendants in super-diverse societies. This study investigates collaboration between social workers and intercultural mediators based on international debate and fieldwork in Italy. Does social work require collaboration with other professions specialised in intercultural relations? What are the characteristics of intercultural professionals? What are the pros and cons of collaboration between social workers and intercultural mediators? This study shows that local social services need to work with intercultural mediators, allowing local social services to implement various strategies for tackling cultural and linguistic barriers with their clients and rely on professionals inside or outside their own. Furthermore, intercultural mediators tend to have weak and heterogeneous training backgrounds and working conditions. This article aims to contribute to the debate on the welfare reform process to support migrants and their descendants’ equal rights and participation in society, highlighting the need for collaboration between interculturally aware social workers and intercultural mediators to tackle institutional structural weaknesses in such professions as part of an organisational innovation process in social-welfare institutions.     

提高进城农民购房能力的有效举措——农村宅基地退出与城市购房相挂钩

以人为核心的新型城镇化,关键要解决进城农民在城市的住房问题,因此,创新体制和机制以帮助进城农民在城市拥有自住房,使其真正融入城市、安居乐业,是新型城镇化进程中不可回避的重要现实问题。面对城镇化过程中农民无力购买城市住房而其农村宅基地闲置浪费的现实背景,提出了进城农民宅基地退出与城市购房相挂钩的构想,以期引导进城农民积极有序地退出宅基地,提高农村宅基地的节约和集约利用率,同时解决进城农民的城市住房及房地产库存问题。在界定宅基地退出与城市购房相挂内涵的基础上,提出了解决该问题的具体思路,并剖析了目前面临的三大问题和障碍：第一,进城农民宅基地退出资产的保值增值与收益分配问题;第二,退出的宅基地与期望购买经济适用房所在城市的不一致问题;第三,购买经济适用房面临的支付能力不足问题。最后,针对性提出了通过出租、招拍挂、复垦等途径盘活退出的宅基地资产,实行保障房指标地域政策限制与经济适用房市场交易相结合,合理的宅基地退出补偿标准、住房供应模式创新与土地承包经营权抵押相结合等对策与建议。     

“断裂”与“重构”：资本转换视角下水库移民的精准脱贫

以南水北调外迁移民安置区“平凡的”SW新村为例探索水库移民群体精准脱贫之路,研究发现资本转换路径通畅与否是移民群体精准脱贫的关键,主要体现在搬迁之初移民群体次生贫困和介入性贫困问题难以解决是由生计交换子系统脆弱性与生计断裂共存以致移民群体资本转换路径受阻引起。SW新村以8年时间实现精准脱贫的关键同样在于多方努力下资本转换路径的重构：通过自然交换升级打破传统农业路径依赖;政府提供市场转换条件实现人力资本、自然资本得以向物质资本转换;社会交换挖掘移民传统文化中优势文化资本清除文化资本向社会资本转换的障碍;运行良好的资本转换活动“倒逼”制度分离的“交换层面”被打破,形成微观与宏观互动良性循环。     

Unaccompanied migrant children and indebted relations: Weaponizing safeguarding

UK statutory guidance for practitioners suggests that indebtedness is an area where safeguarding red flags should be raised and action taken to minimize the risk of exploitation. Yet, our research shows that unaccompanied migrant children have complex indebted relationships, which can range from extractive to connective. Drawing on interviews with unaccompanied children, we show that these indebted relationships can include financial debt to smugglers, responsibilities to support transnational families, as well as social obligations to peers and others. Their accounts present a nuanced understanding of the taboo nature of indebted relationships, not to be shared with the practitioners in their lives. This is due, in part, to the potential threat of reporting to the Home Office, which might jeopardize their immigration status. In response to this weaponization of social care, we demonstrate how children turn to peer networks of support, creating their own alternative forms of social protection. In so doing, we complicate critiques of adultification, which traditionally highlight the ways that racially minoritized children may be treated as adults—to their detriment. In so doing, we show that because indebtedness is normatively linked to adulthood, unaccompanied children's hopes and fears may be rendered unsayable and therefore unsupportable in social care, all in the name of safeguarding.