“断裂”与“重构”：资本转换视角下水库移民的精准脱贫

以南水北调外迁移民安置区“平凡的”SW新村为例探索水库移民群体精准脱贫之路,研究发现资本转换路径通畅与否是移民群体精准脱贫的关键,主要体现在搬迁之初移民群体次生贫困和介入性贫困问题难以解决是由生计交换子系统脆弱性与生计断裂共存以致移民群体资本转换路径受阻引起。SW新村以8年时间实现精准脱贫的关键同样在于多方努力下资本转换路径的重构：通过自然交换升级打破传统农业路径依赖;政府提供市场转换条件实现人力资本、自然资本得以向物质资本转换;社会交换挖掘移民传统文化中优势文化资本清除文化资本向社会资本转换的障碍;运行良好的资本转换活动“倒逼”制度分离的“交换层面”被打破,形成微观与宏观互动良性循环。     

Unaccompanied migrant children and indebted relations: Weaponizing safeguarding

UK statutory guidance for practitioners suggests that indebtedness is an area where safeguarding red flags should be raised and action taken to minimize the risk of exploitation. Yet, our research shows that unaccompanied migrant children have complex indebted relationships, which can range from extractive to connective. Drawing on interviews with unaccompanied children, we show that these indebted relationships can include financial debt to smugglers, responsibilities to support transnational families, as well as social obligations to peers and others. Their accounts present a nuanced understanding of the taboo nature of indebted relationships, not to be shared with the practitioners in their lives. This is due, in part, to the potential threat of reporting to the Home Office, which might jeopardize their immigration status. In response to this weaponization of social care, we demonstrate how children turn to peer networks of support, creating their own alternative forms of social protection. In so doing, we complicate critiques of adultification, which traditionally highlight the ways that racially minoritized children may be treated as adults—to their detriment. In so doing, we show that because indebtedness is normatively linked to adulthood, unaccompanied children's hopes and fears may be rendered unsayable and therefore unsupportable in social care, all in the name of safeguarding.     

The Mexican Dream? The effect of return migrants on hometown development

Mexican migrants are returning to their homeland at record rates. Along with material goods, these former migrants may bring with them new ways of thinking about the world and envisioning the future. Still, relatively little is known about the degree to which former migrants affect the wellbeing of their local communities over time. This study evaluates the effect of return migrants on health, education, income, and political participation in Guanajuato, Mexico during the period 2000–2010. The findings imply that returnees may have positive effects within local economies, improving not only income, but also education, healthcare, electoral participation, and overall wellbeing. The results of this study have important implications for policy makers operating within emigration-prone regions of the world.     

移民的呼声——户籍如何影响了公共意识与公共参与

本文利用CGSS2010的调查数据,考察了户籍身份对城市居民公共意识与公共参与的影响。研究发现,户籍身份对移民的公共意识有一定的负面影响,这种影响并没有随着移民收入或教育水平的提高而明显减弱。在公共参与方面,移民表现得更为消极,其中部分原因是由于现有制度对他们的公共参与形成制约。但在群体性事件参与和面临政府不公对待的态度方面,不同户籍身份人群之间却没有显著的差异。虽然收入水平或教育水平更高的居民的确具有更强的公共意识,但并不明显具有更高的公共参与度。     

基于就业稳定性差异的农民工创业影响因素研究

从就业稳定性差异的视角,基于不同就业特征农民工群体进入自雇创业因果机制的差异,对人力与社会资本在稳定就业与不稳定就业农民工自雇创业中的作用进行比较研究。利用实地调查数据的检验,发现人力与社会资本对不同就业特征农民工群体自雇创业的作用方式不同:不稳定就业群体人力资本中的教育程度越低,社会资本桥梁性越高,越可能进入自雇创业;稳定就业群体人力资本中的城市工作时间越长,社会资本内聚性特征越强,越有可能进入自雇创业。     

农民工医疗保险:从国外经验谈我国政府责任的强化

农民工处于城乡二元分割体制的夹缝中,得不到最基本的医疗保障,不仅被城市医疗保障体系拒之门外,而且在实际操作上又不为新型农村合作医疗所接受。农民工医疗保障制度缺失凸显政府在促进社会公平、提供公共服务方面的“缺位”和“不到位”。促进社会公平、保障基本公共服务均等化是市场经济条件下当今政府的首要职责,也是各级政府职能部门增进服务意识,提高服务能力的工作重点所在。因此,在为农民工建构医疗保险制度过程中,首先应当澄清认识误区,明确政府的责任定位,在此前提下,对构建农民工医疗保险制度中的政府责任做如下定位：立法责任、制度责任、财政责任、组织责任、监督责任,并提出相应的对策建议。     

主流媒体对农民工的表征及其变迁 ———以中央电视台春节联欢晚会中小品节目为例

农民工是我国经济发展与社会变革过程中出现的重要新群体,为社会提供了独特的媒介资源。他们与城市人的融合不可避免地受到主流媒体的影响。主流媒体对农民工的表征与城市主流社会心态之间存在相互影响、互为因果的关系。文章选取了从1983年至2009年的26年间中央电视台春节联欢晚会中涉及农民工、农民、城市人的小品,通过对三者的对照分析来考察主流媒体对农民工的表征。研究结果显示,春晚小品在农民工的表征模式中最主要特征为：农民工作为个体客居于城市中、以打工的状态而存在,其地位处于城市人之下,并无改变现实的权利,即处于一种＂边缘状态＂;他们与城市人保持着和谐相处、互相妥协、维护与服从的关系;同时,他们身上并未改变的是与农民相似的传统人格——老实、简单、淳朴、善良。文章还探讨了主流媒体对农民工表征的变迁及其背后的政治经济历史因素和所蕴含的社会意义。     

Limits and challenges for the participation of migrants' associations in state development policies in Morocco and Mexico

In many developing countries, migrants play an important role by supporting their local communities in their places of origin. An extensive literature has made visible their contribution to local development, thus revealing their involvement in the provision of social services or the construction of infrastructures. In this paper we illustrate the extent and scope of this task and the types of actions that migrants have started up in different countries of the world in general, and the cases of Morocco and Mexico in particular, to examine the achievements and limitations of both states' policies and migrants' associations in regard to their involvement in local development initiatives.     

移民分类研究

移民是自人类社会诞生以来从未间断过的世界范围内的人口迁移现象。移民有三个基本内涵和维度,一是空间维度,二是时间维度,三是数量维度。移民问题历来受到广泛关注和重视。在简要概括国际国内移民历史,梳理移民内涵的基础上,从移民迁移区域、主观意愿、诱导因素、移民开发目的等划分标准对移民类型进行了进一步分类,并对相应移民类型做简要说明和典型案例补充。     

城市外籍人口管理研究——以广州为例

中国巨大的发展成就吸引越来越多的外国人来到中国,这种趋势既是外籍人员趋利行为的结果,也是中国更多融入国际劳动力市场的表现,外籍人口问题将逐渐从社会边缘性问题向社会重大问题转变,广州的非籍人口问题就是这种转变的初现端倪,中国崛起必将迎来外籍人口问题的挑战。从美国民族融合的历程看,老移民把自己看作正统美国人,从维护自身利益出发,以偏见和歧视对待新移民,力图强迫新移民按照他们的要求进行"美国化",这种做法使种族矛盾越演越烈,历经多年仍然余毒未消。预见到我国外籍人口问题的发展趋势,有必要反思美国的移民社会融合教训,结合具有代表性的广州外籍人口问题,把广州在推进外籍人口社会融合方面的探索和创新上升到国家战略试点的高度予以重视,从经济融入、社会融入、文化融合、结构融合和身份认同的角度入手,探索符合中国经济社会状况的外籍人口社会融合的方式。