草原生态移民与文化适应——以黄河源头流域为个案

"三江源"自然保护区自从实施自然保护政策,并划为国家级自然保护区,使得该区域的生态环境得到极大的保护,有利于黄河、长江等下游地区的环境保护以及整体生态的改善.近年来,社会各界充分关注黄河源头的环境保护、生态恢复和生态平衡,对于移民群体的传统文化保护、文化传承与文化适应等问题却缺乏足够的关注.本论文侧重从政府的相关政策与法规、设立保护区的初衷以及当地政府对生态移民政策的设计思路进行深层探讨.本文尝试以应用人类学的视野来对上述种种现象加以解读,深层分析政策性的生态移民活动对移民群体的文化传承与文化适应所产生的深刻影响.     

国内知识型移民社会融入问题探讨

知识型移民作为一种稀缺资源,具有高层次性、高创造性、高流动性等特征。我国国内知识型移民的主要动因表现为经济理性选择,移民者基本依赖才识实现社会融入,但我国在政策制度方面对知识型移民存在制约因素。我国应从创新移民政策、健全区域协作制度、优化移民生活环境、制定人才引进与培养规划和完善社会支持网络等方面促进知识型移民的社会融入。     

女性流动人口的社会保障——基于广州市2005年人口抽样调查数据的分析

本文使用广州市2005年1％人口抽样调查数据,研究女性流动人口参加养老保险的状况.分析发现不同户口性质的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例低于同类型的男性人口.不同流动原因的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例差异较大.离开户口登记地时间越长的、受教育程度越高的、签订劳动合同的、已婚的女性流动人口参加养老保险的可能性更大,单位类型对其参保也有显著但复杂的影响.文章认为需要从制度、市场和文化的角度继续展开研究讨论.     

Recurrence,eruptions, and a transnational turn: Three decades of strained relations between migrants to Norway and the Child Welfare Services

The relations between the Norwegian Child Welfare Services (CWS) and various migrant groups are notably strained. Numerous media accounts and a growing body of research reveal that many migrants to Norway fear the CWS. By combining quantitative and qualitative analyses of media accounts, this paper addresses the historical evolvement of such strained relations in Norway. Previous research has neglected this aspect. Findings show that migration issues related to the CWS have been topics of public debate in Norway for three decades, with foster care being a particularly intractable concern. With the onset of the decade beginning in 2010, however, matters have intensified and taken on transnational dimensions. In the discussion of our findings, we emphasize in particular how digital and social media have contributed to the recent changes.     

关系型社会资本对农村被动移民迁移意愿的影响研究

迁移意愿是城镇化背景下农村被动移民迁移过程中决定其迁移决策的一项重要因素,农民的被动迁移已经引起了有关部门和学者的关注。相对于农村劳动力的自愿转移,关系型社会资本在被动移民迁移意愿中起到了关键作用。文章通过问卷调查,运用互动关系质量、关系嵌入程度两个二级社会资本指标对农民迁移意愿的影响进行回归分析。结果表明：农村被动移民的年龄和收入情况对其迁移意愿产生显著影响;农村被动移民的关系型社会资本具有存量较少、范围较窄的特点,且表征关系型社会资本的两个维度即关系质量和关系嵌入度对其迁移意愿有显著影响,且呈现反比例关系。     

流动人口社会保险参与状况的地区差异分析——基于2011年全国32个省级单位的流动人口问卷调查

为了促进各地区流动人口社会保险参与状况平衡发展,本文运用国家人口计生委于2011年7月在全国32个省级单位开展的流动人口问卷调查数据,对流动人口的社会保险参与状况进行地区归类和差异分析。结果显示,32个地区流动人口的社会保险可归结为高参与、中参与、低参与三种类别。低参与地区涵盖了大部分西部和中部省份,中参与地区涵盖了一半的东部省份和1/3的中部省份,而高参与地区涵盖了另一半较为发达的东部省份和2个条件较好的西部省份。结合地区差异分析结果可知,相较而言,东部地区的社会保险参与状况较好,其次为中部,而西部较差。进一步从流动人口的相关特征来看,社会保险参与状况的地区差异与各类地区流动人口的社会基本情况、流动过程、家庭状况和就业特征等方面存在依存关系。     

Repetitive Visiting as a Pre‐return Transnational Strategy among Youthful Trinidadian Returnees

Abstract

This paper will develop and illustrate a concept of institutional viscosity to balance the more agentive concept of motility with a theoretical account of structural conditions. The argument articulates with two bodies of work: broad social theory of reflexivity as negotiating agency and social structures; and sociology of mobility and mobility systems . It then illustrates the concept of viscosity as a variable (low to high viscosity) through two empirical studies conducted in the sociology of education that help demonstrate how degrees of viscosity interact with degrees of motility, and how this interaction can impact on motility over time. The first study explored how Australian Defence Force families cope with their children’s disrupted education given frequent forced relocations. The other study explored how middle class professionals relate to career and educational opportunities in rural and remote Queensland. These two life conditions have produced very different institutional practices to make relocations thinkable and doable, by variously constraining or enabling mobility. In turn, the degrees of viscosity mobile individuals meet with over time can erode or elevate their motility.     

社会资本视域下回流农民的乡村建设参与及其影响机制

经过城市化和现代化的洗礼,回流农民在推动经济发展、传播先进文化、促进乡村治理等方面拥有独特优势。厘清回流农民乡村建设参与的行为逻辑,对于应对乡村建设行动中存在的农民主体性缺失难题、缓解乡村振兴面临的人才约束具有重要意义。基于鄂、湘、黔、川四省的回流农民调查数据,运用负二项回归模型和机制分析模型,考察社会网络、社会信任等社会资本对回流农民乡村建设参与的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,回流农民的乡村建设参与程度偏低,接近三成的回流农民从未参与过本村的公共事务活动;正式网络、非正式网络和制度信任对促进回流农民乡村建设参与具有积极影响,且呈现出明显的“组织动员”和“制度引导”特征。进一步的机制检验发现,正式网络、非正式网络和制度信任通过增进回流农民的村社认同进而促进其乡村建设参与;主体意识的提升显著削弱了正式网络和制度信任对回流农民乡村建设参与的动员与引导作用,而基于行动意义的主体价值表达在二者的关系中占据着主导地位;具备较强的主体意识则是人际信任促进回流农民乡村建设参与的重要条件。     

城乡一体化下的城镇新市民就业难点与破解思路

从文化、经济和社会的多个角度,阐述了在城乡一体化背景下,由农民演化而来的城镇新市民在职业变更过程中的就业难点、成因和政府工作应对思路。     

Differences in occupation between ancestry subgroups of Asian birthplace groups in Australia

Asia‐born migrants form a majority of Australia's immigrants. Most of the larger Asian birthplace groups are ethnically heterogeneous. However, the literature on the occupations of migrants in Australia has tended to overlook the diversity within individual migrant groups. Using 2011 census data, this study details for the first time the significant variation in the occupational distributions between ancestry subgroups of the 10 largest Asian birthplace groups in Australia. A majority of the birthplace and ancestry groups have higher overall occupational status scores than the Australia‐born. The European and Australian ancestry subgroups are more likely to be managers, while the Chinese and Indian ancestry groups are more likely to be in particular professional occupations and to have higher overall occupational status than other ancestry groups from the same birthplace. In other ancestry subgroups such as Punjabi and Sikh ancestry India‐born, high proportions of migrants are in low‐skilled occupations, indicating wastage of skills.