精准扶贫与老年贫困消减

精准扶贫是针对以往粗放型扶贫方式提出的扶贫方略。 提高扶贫效率,实现社会公平是精准扶贫的核心要件。 老年贫困人口是贫困群体的主体,要低成本、高效率地消减老年贫困问题,要更多地依靠社会保障制度建设,即更多地依靠制度性力量,更多地依赖市场力量。 只有建立和完善与我国社会发展阶段相契合的“ 普惠+特惠冶 的基本社会保障制度,才能真正实现老年人口精准扶贫的政策初衷,从而提升社会的效率与公平。     

农村老年人日常生活家庭照料与社会照料关系研究——基于多层回归模型的分析

文章利用中国健康与养老追踪调查 2011—2012 年的基线调查数据,运用多层回归模型,通过分析社会照料对农村老年人家庭照料获得的影响,探讨家庭照料与社会照料的关系。 回归估计结果显示,个人层次上的年龄、居住状况、失能情况和社区层次上的老龄补贴、经济状况对农村老年人获得家庭照料有不同程度的影响,而代表社会照料的变量在统计上均不显著。 回归估计结果说明,社会照料并不能对缺位的家庭照料起到补充作用,更不会起到替代作用,两者呈现一种非此即彼的“无关系”。 文章的政策启示是,打破家庭照料与社会照料的壁垒,构建一个“流动”的老年照料体系。     

论老年人犯罪从宽暨免死的年龄标准与立法模式——以《刑法修正案(八)》为视角

老年人犯罪从宽的年龄标准应当有别于老年人免死的年龄标准。当前,中国对老年人犯罪从宽的年龄宜规定为"年满70周岁",而对老年人犯罪免死的年龄则宜规定为"年满75周岁"。对老年人犯罪从宽应当与对未成年人犯罪从宽相一致,统一规定为"应当从轻或者减轻处罚",而没有必要区分故意和过失犯罪分别规定。考虑到老年人犯罪免死的根据、刑罚目的和国际上的普遍做法,中国应当免除所有老年人犯罪的死刑,而不应有例外。     

Resilience in low-income African American women living and aging with HIV

Women are living with HIV into middle and older age and are likely to face multiple comorbidities and stressors as they age. This study focused on understanding how women who experience multiple forms of oppression and ongoing adversity are still able to adapt and stand strong. Using a theoretical framework of resilience and a feminist research ideology, interviews of eight middle-aged and older African American women living with HIV were analyzed. Despite experiences of HIV-related discrimination, trauma, and violence, these women demonstrated a remarkable ability to adapt and maintain support. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Self‐Construal,Career Decision Self‐Efficacy,and Perceived Barriers Predict Mexican American Women's Life Satisfaction

This study used the social cognitive theory of well‐being (SCTW; Lent, 2004 ) to examine the role of career decision self‐efficacy (CDSE), perceived educational barriers, and independent self‐construal on the life satisfaction of 176 Mexican American college women. A 3‐step hierarchical regression analysis indicated that independent self‐construal, CDSE, and fewer perceived educational barriers significantly predicted greater life satisfaction among Mexican American college women above and beyond the influence of socioeconomic status and generational status. These findings are consistent with SCTW and highlight the need for counselors and researchers to be aware of the role that self‐construal, CDSE, and perceived educational barriers can have on Mexican American women's life satisfaction. Implications for practice at the secondary‐school and university levels are discussed.     

美国中小学服务学习课程模式的理论与实践

服务学习是美国中小学广泛实施的一种优秀的实践教学课程模式。不同于单纯的社会体验或学科教学,服务学习将课程学习、社会服务和体验反思三者有机地结合起来,不仅加强了学生课堂所学知识与现实世界的关联,同时也极大地丰富了中小学生的社会实践活动。其基本理念、特征、实践模式及实施经验对我国当前基础教育课程改革有着很高的借鉴价值。     

后危机时代美国政治民主异化的主要表现

经过了全球金融危机的强烈冲击，世界经济开始缓慢复苏，随之进入后危机时代。但在经历了危机的冲击之后，美国政治民主却走到了难以为继的地步，开始出现明显的异化，表现为金钱与选票的夹击使社会变革举步维艰；恶性竞争的政党政治使社会族群对立撕裂；过度的自由和权利使社会凝聚度大大降低；意识形态的对抗使政治民主难以进步。通过分析将给中国的民主建设一些有益的启示与思考。     

Senior centres in the lives of older Americans: implications for Chinese older adults

As a critical community resource, the senior centre has provided older Americans with a wide array of recreational, nutritional, health, and social service programmes. Funding resources include the Older Americans Act allocations, local organisations and governments, national charities, voluntary associations, and religious associations. The types of programmes offered at a senior centre reflect two models: social agency model or voluntary organisation model. The five most popular programmes are nutrition, health and fitness, recreation, volunteering, and social services. Participation in senior centre activities has positive impacts on the overall well-being of older adult participants. With the rapid growth in the ageing population and improved life expectancy in China, senior centres may serve as a focal point for Chinese older adults by providing a broad spectrum of social services to enhance the well-being of community-dwelling older adults, to support their independence and dignity, and to facilitate ageing in place in later life.     

犍陀罗本生雕刻的印度文化母题

犍陀罗本生雕刻作为印度文化母题的视觉化形式,以叙事性图像生动地阐释印度民间广泛推崇的价值观。犍陀罗本生雕刻的文化母题包括具有普世意义的乐善好施的传统;以轮回报应为理论基础,以孝敬忠贞为核心的伦理道德观念;奉行虔诚于神和克制苦行的修身理念。这些文化母题真实地再现了古代印度人民的社会理想、家庭关系和人生追求,是今人理解古印度文化的可靠资料。     

北美汉学界的《沧浪诗话》研究述评——以华裔族群为中心

北美汉学界的《沧浪诗话》研究在主体构成上包括华裔族群和本土学者两个群体。华裔族群的代表人物是刘若愚、叶维廉、叶嘉莹、欧阳桢等人，本土学者的代表人物是加拿大的林理彰，美国的宇文所安、费维廉等人。整体上看。华裔族群的研究凸显出如下四个主要特点：一是注重影响研究，包括严羽诗论对前代文论的承传及其对后代文论（文学理论和文学批评）的影响；二是对严羽诗论系统中“以禅喻诗”批评方法及“兴趣”、“妙悟”等概念进行了阐释：三是方法上移西释中和中西对话并用；四是注意吸纳中国和日本“严学”家的研究成果。