The Columbian Patriot:

The name of Mercy Otis Warren is generally not included among those of the founders of the American republic. Yet there were few individuals of her day who were more consistently dedicated in both deeds and words to the proposition that the new nation should be founded on republican principles. She deserves a preeminent position among the active participants in the American Revolution. She was a significant force in the debates leading to the ratification of the Constitution and to the eventual adoption of the Bill of Rights. She was the only contemporary woman to write a comprehensive history of the American Revolution, and she was the only historian of the time to write from a republican viewpoint. She successfully balanced traditional femininity with principled political and intellectual activism. Her contemporary influence makes her truly a participating founder of the nation.     

Societal Implications of AIDS and HIV Infection:

No abstract available for this article.     

Theory-Based Policy Development for HIV Prevention in Racial/Ethnic Minority Midlife and Older Women

ABSTRACT

In 2008, there were more than a million persons with HIV/AIDS in the United States. The CDC (2007) estimates that 15% of persons with HIV/AIDS are over age 50. At greater risk are women of color. Most intervention efforts have focused on intrapersonal aspects of an individual and his or her sexual-risk behaviors, with little or no attention directed toward interpersonal and socioenvironmental considerations of risk and prevention. This paper considers the limitations of current national policies relating to HIV prevention in minority populations, especially among midlife and older women of color. In particular, this paper examines risk and prevention policies in light of ecological perspectives, social capital, and dialogical theories.     

The problems of the Spanish nation‐building process around 1900

Most historians acknowledge that the Spanish nation‐building process started late and was neither very profound nor successful. In general, they point to the slow modernisation process or the unwillingness of the elite to explain the weakness of Spanish nationalism in the decades around 1900. However, there are a number of factors that hampered the nation‐building process in Spain that have not received the attention they deserve. In the first instance, the effects of the loss of the last remnants of the Spanish colonial empire in 1898 have generally been underestimated. Another item is the political clientelism that seriously hindered nation‐building activities. A last observation concerns the role of ideology. Nationalism is not a uniform body of thought. In fact, both the right and the left had their own nationalising strategies, resulting in increasing polarisation.     

Coming of age in African American English: A longitudinal study1

This study examines trajectories of development in the use of African American English (AAE) for 32 speakers through the first 17 years of their lives based on a unique, longitudinal database. Temporal data points in the analysis include 48 months, Grade 1 (about age 6), Grade 4 (about age 9), Grade 6 (about age 11), Grade 8 (about age 13), and Grade 10 (about age 15). Complementary methods of analysis for assessing AAE include a token‐based Dialect Density Measure (DDM), a type‐based vernacular diversity index, and frequency‐based variation analysis. The study reveals different trajectories and peak periods for the use of AAE, including a ‘roller coaster’ and a curvilinear trajectory; at the same time, there is a common dip among speakers in the overall use of vernacular AAE from Grade 1 through Grade 4. Examination of a selective set of demographic and self‐regard measures shows no significant differences for gender, school racial density, racial peer contacts, and measures of Afro‐centrality, but does show a significant correlation between mothers’ and child use of AAE as well as age/grade.     

清代晋商罚戏的法经济学分析

罚戏是指罚违规者出资请戏班子给大家演一台戏。清代时期,罚戏作为晋商最具特色的行业内部制裁措施是其纠纷解决机制重要的组成部分,并且能够体现出中国民间法律本土资源所独有的特色。成本收益理论在一定程度上揭示了清政府、晋商以及当地乡邻三方主体对罚戏的认同都是出于各自理性的需要。     

大国关系与东亚安全合作

地区稳定是任何国家发展的基础和前提,安全问题已成为东亚国家相互关系中的中心问题之一。目前,东亚安全合作的程度远不适应地区安全保障的要求,亟待各国努力提高。中美俄日大国关系对东亚安全合作具有复杂重大的影响,东亚安全合作需借助大国合作关系的加强来加以推进。中国应在促进东亚合作的过程中妥善处理大国关系,这是它的一项长期的重要外交任务。     

An Examination of Influences on Body Dissatisfaction Among Asian American College Females: Do Family,Media, or Peers Play a Role?

Abstract

Objective: The etiology of body dissatisfaction and its correlates (eg, disordered eating) among ethnic minorities is generally unknown. The purpose of this study was to replicate the tripartite model of influence in an Asian American college female sample in order to examine this relationship. Participants: Participants were 80 undergraduate Asian American females between the ages of 18 and 25. Methods: Participants completed a survey that included the Tripartite Influence Scale, Body Parts Satisfaction Scale, and Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire–3. Results: Mediation analyses indicated that thin-ideal internalization fully mediated the relationship between media influence and body dissatisfaction and partially mediated the relationship between peer influence and body dissatisfaction. Family influence did not significantly predict body dissatisfaction. Conclusions: Asian American college females experience body dissatisfaction through mechanisms that have not been examined in detail. These factors must be considered when creating targeted health promotion strategies and developing best practices for eating disorder assessment and treatment protocols at university health centers.     

Assessing low‐income African‐American pre‐schoolers' behaviour problems in relationship to community violence,inter‐partner conflict,parenting, informal social support and social skills

This study examined the relations among community violence exposure, inter‐partner conflict and informal social support and the behaviour problems of pre‐schoolers, and explored how mothers' parenting skills and children's social skills may mediate the child outcomes associated with such exposure. Participants were 185 African‐American mothers and female caregivers of Head Start children who completed study measures in a structured interview. Path analyses revealed that greater inter‐partner conflict was associated with more internalizing and externalizing child behaviour problems. Positive parenting was associated with fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviours. Higher levels of child social skills were associated with fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems. Child social skills fully mediated the relationship between community violence and externalizing behaviours as well as between informal support and externalizing behaviours. Social skills partially mediated the relationships between positive parenting and externalizing behaviours. No mediating effect was found on the relationships between inter‐partner conflict and child behaviour problems. Implications of the findings for intervention and future research are discussed.