应用型商务英语口译教学与学生能力培养

口译是一项现场反应、当即见效的语言交际活动。口译有其自身特点,口译教学必须按照这种特性来安排。应用型商务英语口译教学更应加强实践性,强调口译技能技巧训练,提高学生的口译能力。本文就口译教学过程中怎样使学生建立良好的知识结构、综合提高学生素质和口译能力,提出了可行性措施。     

What is applied demography?

Applied demography has recently gained recognition as an emergent specialization among practicing demographers. We argue that applied demography is intrinsically distinct from basic demography because it exhibits the value-orientation and empirical characteristics of a decision-making science while the latter exhibits the value-orientation and empirical hallmarks of a basic science. Distinguishing characteristics of applied demography are based on the context in which it places precision and explanatory power relative to time and resources as well as the fact its substantive problems are largely exogenously-defined, usually by customers. The substantive problems of basic demography, on the other hand, are largely endogenously-defined, usually by academic demographers. Moreover, basic demography is primarily concerned with offering convincing explanations of demographic phenomena and tends to view time and resources as barriers to surmount in order to maximize precision and explanatory power. This context is very different from the one in which applied demography is embedded, which views explanatory power and precision in terms of doing what is necessary to support practical decision-making while minimizing time and resources. We examine this conceptualization of applied demography in terms of the methods and materials that fall within its purview and discuss some important consequences, including research agendas and training programs. We conclude by posing several important but unanswered questions about the actual and potential scope of applied demography and discuss some of the implications inherent in these questions.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Demographic Association, 20 October 1995, Richmond, Virginia, USA.     

应用中的写作与写作中的应用——兼论应用写作教学的实效性

如何提高应用写作教学的实效性,是一个值得探讨的话题.笔者以为,应该重视应用中的写作与写作中的应用,正确处理二者的关系.一方面,教学要紧密联系实际,从现实中寻找写作素材,提高写作兴趣;另一方面,应通过反复实践,不断强化应用写作知识,逐渐提高应用写作能力.     

精神分析焦虑理论的发展简析

本文根据精神分析理论百年发展历程的三个阶段,选择了相应时期的代表人物弗洛伊德、霍妮、沙利文、雅各布森、克莱因和科赫特,总结归纳其对于焦虑的理论观点,描绘其发展脉络,比较精神分析焦虑理论与其它理论的差异,希望为当代焦虑研究提供借鉴。     

欲望的策略——弗洛伊德文学理论研究

弗洛伊德的精神分析学说对文艺创作和批评影响巨大,个人无意识是艺术家创作的原动力,俄狄浦斯情结是艺术创作的原始动机,文学创作好像白日梦一样是潜意识愿望的替代性满足。虽然弗洛伊德的理论有许多局限和缺点,但许多文学思潮、流派及艺术家都直接受益于他的思想。     

Toward overcoming problems in evaluation research: A beginning perspective on power

An information feedback model and an ideology of evaluation is posed. The authors' experiences in actually doing evaluation research are then contrasted with the model and ideology. Suggestions are made for closing the gap between reality and the model, primarily by altering the structural constraints that present obstacles to achieving the model. The authors assume that impact on policy is the appropriate criterion for the success of an evlauation, and they conclude that political constraints are primary in preventing evaluation research from having this impact. It is proposed that evaluators need to develop more explicitly political ways of acquiring power of their own in order to maximize such impact. Some ways social researchers might conceptualize and construct an appropriate base of power are considered.     

A Plea For Greater Attention on the Data in Policy Analysis

The technical difficulties associated with building and solving applied general equilibrium (GE) models seem to have distracted our attention from the data. In this article, we forcefully stress that whatever the sophistication of the GE analysis, it is only worth the quality of the supporting data it utilizes. We first highlight an example of a flagrant flaw in officially published input–output data (factor–income shares) by an LDC (Turkey), which many researchers use without question. We then make use of an applied GE model to evaluate the dynamic gains for Turkey from currently debated trade policy options and compare the predictions using conservatively adjusted, rather than official, data on factor shares. We show that the predicted welfare gains are not only of a different order of magnitude, but in some cases, of a different sign; hence, suggesting contradictory policy recommendations.     

Relating Behavior Analysis to the Organizational Culture Concept and Perspective

No abstract available for this article.     

只是一种姿态:对海华沙悼亡行为的解读

美国19世纪著名诗人朗费罗的《海华沙之歌》被誉为美国的第一部史诗。该诗全面反映了美国印第安人的文化。其中,海华沙悼念其挚友齐比亚波的仪式化的行为充分反映了印第安人的原始思维特征。在原始思维看来,死者的灵魂具有"真实"的力量,它能够伤害活着的亲友。正是为了避免死者灵魂对自己的伤害,海华沙才会实施仪式化的悼亡行为。从精神分析学的角度来看,海华沙对亡友灵魂的恐惧,恰恰是他对死者在世时怀有敌意的潜意识的投射。     

On Teaching Statistical Practice: From Novice to Expert

This article introduces principles of learning based on research in cognitive science that help explain how learning works. We adapt these principles to the teaching of statistical practice and illustrate the application of these principles to the curricular design of a new master's degree program in applied statistics. We emphasize how these principles can be used not only to improve instruction at the course level but also at the program level.