Arbitrage Pricing Theory as a Restricted Nonlinear Multivariate Regression Model Iterated Nonlinear Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimates

By replacing the unknown random factors of factor analysis with observed macroeconomic variables, the arbitrage pricing theory (APT) is recast as a multivariate nonlinear regression model with across-equation restrictions. An explicit theoretical justification for the inclusion of an arbitrary, well-diversified market index is given. Using monthly returns on 70 stocks, iterated nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression techniques are employed to obtain joint estimates of asset sensitivities and their associated APT risk “prices.” Without the assumption of normally distributed errors, these estimators are strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. With the additional assumption of normal errors, they are also full-information maximum likelihood estimators. Classical asymptotic nonlinear nested hypothesis tests are supportive of the APT with measured macroeconomic factors.     

浅析计算机管理固定资产

在新形势下,固定资产的地位越来越重要,随着计算机技术的发展,人们开始应用计算机技术进行资产的管理。本文提出计算机软件科学管理固定资产理念并介绍其具体应用过程。     

外部冲击与中国宏观经济波动——基于SVAR模型的实证分析

基于1978—2010年时间序列数据,本文依据新经济增长理论与国际贸易理论构建结构向量自回归模型,分析了外部冲击对中国宏观经济波动的影响。检验结果表明:在所有预测期内,中国宏观经济波动的标准差不大,但有逐渐增加的趋势;短期内,出口的波动会加剧中国宏观经济的波动,而外商直接投资和进口波动的影响方向则相反;外部冲击对中国宏观经济稳定的影响较小,但随着滞后期的延长,解释力度有逐年增加的趋势,并且进口的贡献度最大,出口次之,FDI最小。     

Asymptotic variance approximations for invariant estimators in uncertain asset-pricing models

This article derives explicit expressions for the asymptotic variances of the maximum likelihood and continuously-updated GMM estimators in models that may not satisfy the fundamental asset-pricing restrictions in population. The proposed misspecification-robust variance estimators allow the researcher to conduct valid inference on the model parameters even when the model is rejected by the data. While the results for the maximum likelihood estimator are only applicable to linear asset-pricing models, the asymptotic distribution of the continuously-updated GMM estimator is derived for general, possibly nonlinear, models. The large corrections in the asymptotic variances, that arise from explicitly incorporating model misspecification in the analysis, are illustrated using simulations and an empirical application.     

粮食价格波动对物价水平的非对称影响——基于STR模型的实证分析

依据中国1998年1月-2011年6月的季度数据,运用平滑转换回归模型研究粮食价格波动对物价水平的影响,研究表明:粮食价格对物价水平存在单向Granger因果关系,其影响呈现非线性和不对称特征;当粮食价格处于高机制状态时,粮价波动对物价水平影响程度较大,CPI自我驱动能力较小;当粮食价格处于低机制状态时,粮价波动对物价水平影响程度微弱,CPI自我驱动能力较强.     

UK macroeconomic volatility: Historical evidence over seven centuries

Breaking ground from all previous studies, we estimate a time-varying Vector Autoregression model that examines the time-period 1270–2016 — the entire economic history of the U.K. Focusing on permanent and transitory shocks in the economy, we study the fluctuation in conditional volatilities and time-varying long-run responses of output growth and inflation. Unlike all previous studies that use time invariant linear models, our approach reveals that the pre 1600 period is a turbulent economic period of high volatility that is only repeated in the 20th century. The repeating patterns in the conditional volatilities follow from aggregate supply shocks, while most of the inflation responses follow from aggregate demand shocks. Thus, we uncover that despite the technological growth and the various changes in the structure of the U.K. economy in the last century, the recurring patterns call for an examination of the true impact of the various policies on the economy.     

Distribution of Spot and Forward Exchange Rates: Empirical Evidence and Investor Valuation of Skewness and Kurtosis*

This paper examines the statistical distribution of exchange rates for eight major currencies for the post-1973 floating rate period. The results show that spot rates, forward rates, and ex-post risk premia all exhibit significant, persistent, but varying deviations from normality, and that the risk premia in forward rates reflect investor preferences for skewness and investor aversion towards standard deviation and kurtosis. These results imply that foreign currency forecasting and hedging practices, mean-variance portfolio analysis, pricing of foreign currency options, and other research involving exchange rates should account for these significant deviations from normality.     

不确定流动性需求与银行资产证券化最优规模

本文建立了一个两期模型,分析了风险规避的银行面临未来不确定的流动性需求时,市场流动性预期、放贷规模与资产证券化规模之间的关系。本文发现:首先,只有未来的流动性需求存在不确定性时,银行才会进行资产证券化。其次,最优资产证券化规模与银行权益资本的规模存在非单调的关系,权益资本较少或较多的银行资产证券化水平都比较低。再次,如果银行高估了未来资产市场的流动性,会导致过度放贷和过度资产证券化,破产概率上升。最后,文献中通常使用出售银行贷款来刻画资产证券化的做法,低估了银行的最优贷款规模和资产证券化规模。     

企业治理权的配置:内外部治理的成本收益假说

内外部治理的成本收益假说说明利益相关者的内部治理权和外部治理权存在着一定的替代性关系,而影响这种替代关系的关键要素是非专有的专用性资产、内部治理成本和外部治理成本。     

资本定名及定义探新

在定名上,从资本的本质及资本的运动来看,资本范畴都无法用"资金"或"资产"取代。在定义上,传统政治经济学、西方经济学等六种主要定义都是不恰当的,应定义为"资本就是能够带来价值增值的生产经营要素。"