灾害心理救助法律体系的构建

灾害的发生会使人产生心理创伤,这种心理创伤需要及时有效地进行心理救助。灾害心理救助是一项长期的系统工程,需要法律的规范和引导。因此,相关法律的制定是灾害心理救助的前提和保障。笔者探讨了灾害心理救助法律体系构建的意义,分析了当前我国灾害心理救助法律体系存在的问题,在此基础上提出了建设灾害心理救助法律体系的构想,以推进我国心理救助的法制化进程。     

战后美国对外援助政策的历史考察

〕关于美国对外援助 ,学者在论述时 ,往往侧重于得出结论性的评价 ,如把美国的对外援助与人权外交结合起来 ,认为美国对外援助尤其是经济援助是推行人权外交的工具 ,体现了美国的霸权主义 ;也有一些学者认为 ,美国提出对外经济援助计划的主要目的是为了维护美国的经济、政治利益 ,它与人权外交的关系不大。美国对外援助政策的提出 ,是美国外交政策的重大突破 ,自此美国人的视野更加开阔 ,对外援助政策是实现美国世界霸权的工具 ,无论何时美国的对外援助政策都是为了维护美国国内经济的持续繁荣 ,国内政策的制定一直是美国政府的中心工作     

The social capital and mental health of long-term social assistance recipients in Norway

Previous findings have generally demonstrated the positive mental health benefits of social capital. However, the mental health benefits of social capital for social assistance recipients have not been fully demonstrated. This study analyses the mental health benefits of individual-level bonding and individual-level bridging social capital for 551 Norwegian longer-term social assistance recipients. The findings demonstrate that bonding social capital, i.e. contacts with friends and access to social resources, are positively associated with mental health. Of the variables in the study that relate to bridging social capital, social trust and trust towards the social worker particularly show significant associations for mental health. Consequently, it is important that the mental health benefits of various forms of bonding and bridging social capital are acknowledged within social work practices and that social work practitioners actively aim to increase social trust in longer-term social assistance recipients.     

Complexity and Self‐Sustainment in Disaster Response Supply Chains

Governmental organizations play a major role in disaster relief operations. Supply chains set up to respond to disasters differ dramatically in many dimensions that affect the cost of relief efforts. One factor that has been described recently is self‐sustainment, which occurs when supplies consumed by intermediate stages of a supply chain must be provided via the chain itself because they are not locally available. This article applies the concept of self‐sustainment to response supply chains. A mathematical model of a self‐sustaining response supply chain is developed. Analysis of this model yields insights about the relationships and interactions among self‐sustainment, speed of disaster onset, dispersion of impact, and the cost of the relief efforts.     

论灾害救助中的社会救助网络构建与社会工作介入

目前我国灾害救助主体包括政府、社会团体以及个人,为了更好地发挥合力,要加强三者之间联系,建立横向的灾害救助体系;此外,需要引入专业社会工作方法,在纵向上建立以提高个人自助能力为基础的救助网络,以形成立体化式的救灾网络。     

艾森豪威尔政府对发展援助政策的调整与美国冷战战略

秉承共和党传统理念的艾森豪威尔政府,在上任伊始即确定了对外经济政策的原则--"贸易而非援助",这一原则从一开始在美国政界就引起争议.随着苏联在发展中国家经济活动的活跃,艾森豪威尔政府从第一届政府后期开始调整发展援助政策.一方面逐渐加大了发展援助在整个对外援助中的比重;另一方面诉诸国际多边援助体系,建立了国际开发协会,并将发展援助的重点转向拉丁美洲国家.艾森豪威尔政府调整发展援助的主要动因还是出于对苏冷战的考虑,即稳定美国在发展中国家政治盟友的主导地位,同苏联争夺广阔的中间地带.     

The Changing Roles of Grandparents Raising Grandchildren

The 2000 U.S. Census reported there were 158.9 million people ages 30 and older living in households in the United States, of whom 5.8 million (or 3.6%) were co-resident grandparents, defined as living with grandchildren younger than 18. Among these findings, 2.4 million (42%) were also grandparent caregivers. It is estimated that 1 in 10 grandparents will be the primary caregiver for at least 6 months for a grandchild before the child's eighteenth birthday. This article will discuss some of the challenges and hardships that these grandparents are faced with while raising their grandchildren. In addition, some attention to practice and policy are looked at to provide assistance to grandparents and kinship that may be raising relatives. There will be financial burden, worry, health issues, and freedom restrictions for this population. Many of these families may not be aware of programs, services, and resources that are available to them.     

Women,Health and Housing Assistance: Implications in an Emerging Era of Housing Provision

Women and the households that they head are over‐represented among the most economically and socially disadvantaged households in Australia. Recent changes in the provision of housing assistance for low income households in Australia have distinct implications for women and this paper examines the implications of these changes. Shifting the emphasis in housing assistance away from publicly provided and rent‐controlled housing to direct subsidisation of rents for private tenants has important, largely negative, consequences for the health, affordability and security of housing for many women. This situation is made worse given the current housing affordability crisis in Australia; a crisis that extends across all private housing tenures.     

时代变迁中的临时救助制度：实践效果与未来方向

2014年10月3日,国务院发布《国务院关于全面建立临时救助制度的通知》,开启了我国全面建立和发展临时救助制度的法制化进程,为地方临时救助政策的制定及完善提供了重要参考。本文结合某县的实际情况,总结、归纳和分析临时救助制度建立和完善的时代背景、实践效果、主要发展。并从救助方式较单一、裁定权限不合理、紧急程序不具体、社会力量参与方式欠缺等四个方面分析了现行临时救助制度存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了进一步完善临时救助制度的对策建议。     

技术援助与以色列软实力构建

技术援助作为一国对外政策的重要组成部分,在建构国家软实力的过程中发挥着重要作用。以色列自建国以来就十分重视技术援助在外交中的作用,成立了以色列国际合作中心,专门负责对外技术援助。经过60多年的发展,至2009年,以色列国际合作中心已经在以色列和海外培训了超过25万、来自132个国家的人员,不仅如此,还在世界范围内建立了数十个示范工程。技术援助的成功实施,改善了以色列的国际形象,提升了以色列的人文外交能力,成为以色列外交政策的重要组成部分。