故意注意与外语词汇学习

本篇中,根据国外对记忆过程中起着重要作用的因素之一———注意(attention)的研究,笔者重新定义区别了故意注意(intentionalattention)与偶然注意(incidentalattention)这一对概念。通过故意注意在一般认知活动中所发挥的重要作用,说明了故意注意在学习外语词汇中所起到的偶然注意所不能取代的作用。     

Analysis of Status and Countermeasure of China Youth Intemet Users＇ Network Political Attention and Participation

网络现已成为公民政治关注和政治参与的重要平台。青年作为网民的主力军和国家的未来,他们在网络中对政治的关注度和参与度一定程度上关系着国家未来的社会政治文明的发展。当今,中国青年网民对网络政治资汛关注度高,信任主流媒介．但他们的政治参与度与政治关注度形成强烈反差,这需要从法规制度的健全、网民政治素养和能力的提升和网络政治参与途径的拓展等方面多管齐下,才能切实解决问题．从而在总体上保障人民当家作主管理国家和社会事务的权利得以实现。     

Eyes on the account size: Interactions between attention and budget in consumer choice

The context surrounding a consumer decision, such as one’s overall budget available for purchases, can exert a strong effect on the subjective value of a product. Across three eye-tracking studies, we explore the attentional processes through which budget size influences consumers’ purchasing behavior. Higher budgets increased and sped up purchasing even when items were affordable at all budget sizes. Moreover, attention interacted with budget size to promote purchasing at higher budgets. Finally, individual differences in the magnitude of the budget effect related to attentional patterns: those whose decisions depended more on budget exhibited more budget-price transitions and less variability in search patterns compared to those whose decisions were less dependent on budget. These findings indicate that attention moderates the effect of budgets on purchasing decisions, allowing low budgets to serve as self-control devices and large budgets to generate impulse purchases.     

Impulsiveness moderates the effects of exogenous attention on the sensitivity to gains and losses in risky lotteries

Does attention have a causal impact on risky decisions? We address this question in a preregistered experiment in which participants accept or reject a series of mixed gambles while exogenously varying how information can be sampled. Specifically, in each trial participants observe the outcomes of a mixed-gamble with gains and losses presented sequentially. To isolate the causal role of attention on the decision process, we manipulate for how long a specific attribute is presented before showing the next one (e.g., 600 ms/800 ms vs 400 ms). Our results partially confirm our preregistered hypotheses that longer exposure to an attribute increases its weight on the decision. While we find no effects on choice frequency, we observe specific effects on the decision weights of our Random Utility Model. Presenting losses longer (for 600 ms, but not 800 ms) than gains (400 ms) leads to increased sensitivity for losses. When gains are presented for longer (600 ms and 800 ms) than losses (400 ms), the participants show increased sensitivity to both gain and loss values in their decision. Loss aversion reflects this trend across attention treatments, but differences remain non-significant. Further exploratory analyses show that specifically participants with higher impulsiveness become more sensitive to attribute values when gains are presented for longer. Jointly, these results support the notion that attention has a causal impact on the sensitivity to specific attributes during risky choice. Moreover, our results underline the moderating role of impulsiveness on the relationship between attention and choice.     

Perceived social support in Chinese parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Chinese context: Implications for social work practice

This article reports the results of a Hong Kong study (no. of parents = 121) which identified perceived social support (PSS), both overall and four types of support, of Chinese parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and examined the impact of PSS on the interrelationship between the ADHD symptoms and parenting stress. The parents perceived support of their primary social network as more satisfactory than professionals’. Parenting stress of the high PSS group was lower than the low PSS group’s. The PSS-overall, parenting role, and the ADHD symptoms explained a significant variance of parenting stress. The results pave the way to develop a complex social work model in helping.     

信息披露注意力经济与区域经济发展——基于注意力对海南经济发展影响的研究

在信息时代,注意力成为一种稀缺的资源,它对经济生活的影响越来越大,同样它也会对区域经济产生影响,当一个地区能够吸引社会公众注意力的时候,则可以吸引大量的财富转移过来,从而可以促进区域经济的快速发展。因此,一个地区的经济发展不仅要培养企业家,还要培养媒体家以打造注意力。     

Understanding the Positive Effects of Graphical Risk Information on Comprehension: Measuring Attention Directed to Written,Tabular, and Graphical Risk Information

Risk communications are an integral aspect of health education and promotion. However, the commonly used textual risk information is relatively difficult to understand for the average recipient. Consequently, researchers and health promoters have started to focus on so‐called decision aids, such as tables and graphs. Although tabular and graphical risk information more effectively communicate risks than textual risk information, the cognitive mechanisms responsible for this enhancement are unclear. This study aimed to examine two possible mechanisms (i.e., cognitive workload and attention). Cognitive workload (mean pupil size and peak pupil dilation) and attention directed to the risk information (viewing time, number of eye fixations, and eye fixation durations) were both measured in a between‐subjects experimental design. The results suggest that graphical risk information facilitates comprehension of that information because it attracts and holds attention for a longer period of time than textual risk information. Graphs are thus a valuable asset to risk communication practice for two reasons: first, they tend to attract attention and, second, when attended to, they elicit information extraction with relatively little cognitive effort, and finally result in better comprehension.     

促进注意缺损多动障碍儿童提高学习效能的教育策略

国内外对注意缺损多动障碍 (ADHD)的研究日趋重视。本文介绍了这方面的研究状况及ADHD儿童的学习困难问题 ,同时讨论了改善和促进其学习效能的教育指导原理与干预策略     

人格研究中的注意过程:实现动机与认知整合研究的纽带

由于注意过程的神经生理机制得以破译,人格研究者发现,通过把注意分解为由神经系统调节的不同操作成分,可以在人格的动机系统和认知过程间形成多种特定的联结,以使生物过程与认知过程形成一个连续体,从而使生物的和认知的两种研究取向有了相互融合的可能性。