Motivational postures and compliance with environmental law in Australian agriculture

Motivational posture theory is applied and extended to the context of Australian agriculture and environmental regulation. Regulatory failure in this area has been observed but little was known of the compliance attitudes and behaviours of farmers prior to this study. Agriculture covers over 60% of Australia’s land surface so this information is vital if environmental sustainability is to be achieved. A mail survey of 5235 farmers across Australia was conducted to examine motivational postures and attitudes to government, environmental problems, environmental laws and regulations and farm management behaviours. Four postures are empirically derived: one associated with compliance, here labelled “Aligned”, and three associated with non- or creative compliance: one Disengaged, one Game playing and one Resistant. Analysis of the characteristics of each group demonstrates that motivational postures are related to place, jurisdiction and degree of regulatory alignment: the degree of agreement between regulatees and regulators on the latter’s role and on the content, process and aims of regulatory interventions. Game players eschew a role for government. The Aligned support both government and regulations. Postures were predictive of beyond compliance behaviour. The Aligned were more likely to undertake beyond compliance behaviours and Game players least likely. Fiscal limitations were identified as restricting beyond compliance behaviours by many farmers. Environmental regulations are often contentious and therefore these findings may be helpful to authorities to more effectively engender compliance so that on-ground outcomes may be secured.     

澳大利亚合同法初探

澳大利亚的殖民地历史以及特殊的国体和法律体系,使其合同法亦有自身的特色。以我国合同法相关内容为背景,利用文献研究和比较法等方法,对澳大利亚合同法的来源、分类、要件、条款以及合同的解除、终止与废除等方面进行了介绍与分析。由于我国合同法中相应规定的缺失,对澳大利亚合同法中的合同对价、默示条款、合同终止的规定尤其做了详尽的介绍与评析,冀望对同行的研究、合同法的修订和司法实践有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

澳大利亚医保目录的药品准入谈判对我国的启示

该研究对澳大利亚医保目录的药品准入谈判的谈判主体、谈判过程、谈判结果进行详细介绍,并总结对我国的启示作用,即保持谈判主体的独立性;注重药物经济学评价和积极探索新型的价格谈判方法。     

How good is good enough? Exploring social workers’ conceptions of preparedness for practice

This study examined the question: ‘How do social work practitioners construct preparedness for practice?’ The answer to this question was explored through a research conducted in 2013 consisting of a survey based on the Australian Association of Social Workers’ Practice Standards and interviews with social work practitioners who had experience working with graduating social work students in their final field education placements. The responses of 25 survey participants suggest that social work practitioners generally expect new graduates to have ‘moderate’-level skills across the different practice areas, although a small but notable number of supervisors expect new graduates to have general work preparedness at a ‘developed’ level. In addition to having a clear understanding of and identification with professional values, purpose and ethics, the eight interview participants spoke of the importance of empathy and the ability to work within a multidisciplinary organisational environment.     

Pathways from Casual Employment to Economic Security: the Australian Experience

Casual employment is extensive and has been increasing for more than two decades in Australia. The concept of casual employment used in the Australian context is unusual, but it is directly linked to benefit and rights exclusion within the regulatory framework governing employment. The expansion in casual employment has spread across all sectors, industries and occupations. Casual employment is associated with various forms of insecurity including income and employment insecurity. There are a number of ways in which the insecurity associated with casual employment could be reduced.

A feminist history of Australian midwifery from colonisation until the 1980s

This paper uses a feminist interpretation and secondary sources to describe the history of Australian midwifery from colonisation until the 1980s. There have been too few midwife scholars who have had access to or used primary data collections to describe the role and place of midwives in the colonising community. I draw on a range of biography, medical literature and work by sociologists and economic historians to produce a limited picture of the history of professional midwifery. This helps to explain the position of midwives today and the problematic relationship we often have with medicine.     

自我、他者与身份焦虑——论澳大利亚新华人文学及其文化意义

身份 (认同 )问题是海外华人文学的主要关切。新近兴起的澳大利亚“新华人文学”以其身份焦虑的表达 ,提供了观察二十世纪八、九十年代之交以来海外华人文化及文学变化的一个例证。这种文学反映的自我身份疑难 ,涉及到对中国、对其他华人移民和对西方等多种不同对象的自我—他者建构 ,从而形成了新一代华人文学文化意义的复杂性。这种复杂性同时也提示了对海外华人文学的研究从整体化、同质性的理解方式向对象细分的、动态的和文化的理解方式转变的必要性     

澳大利亚矿产资源租赁税政策对中国的启示

征收租赁型资源税是世界各国资源税改革新的趋势,澳大利亚政府的矿产资源租赁税改革伴随着各种利益博弈获得了成功推行。其中一条重要经验就是视自然资源为全体澳大利亚人民的共同财富,政府有权对私人企业在开采这些公共资源时所获得的超额利润征税,因征收资源使用费稳定不变,不能有效反映企业的盈利能力,且矿业主支付的特许使用费呈下降趋势,政府并未从矿产业的繁荣中分享到更多的收入,这就增强了澳政府出台矿产资源租赁税的信心。但是,改革的阻力来自反对党派、来自矿业巨头及其他资源开发企业,如何协调各方利益赢得公众支持,关键在于制定矿产资源租赁税的政策目标、制度框架及其政策导向,有效发挥税收政策功效,其改革中的许多经验与教训值得中国政府借鉴。     

近20年澳大利亚外语教育政策演变的启示

从20世纪90年代开始,澳大利亚的外语教育政策发生了转变,主要表现为：实行优先化语言政策,亚洲语言的学习得到进一步强化。这一政策转变的主要动因有：经济理性主义思潮、语言规划观的变化及澳大利亚对亚洲的认同。对中国外语教育的启示是：国家应制定明确的外语教育政策;外语是一种重要的经济资源,应该从发展经济和国际贸易的实际需求出发制定国家外语教育政策,实行优先化语言政策。     

澳大利亚高等教育对我们的几点启示

澳大利亚在高等教育办学过程中,有不少内容对中国高等教育颇具启发性。文章从依法治校、办学理念、健全管理系统、完善质量评估体系几方面对澳大利亚高等教育加以介绍和评论,以作为我国高等教育改革的参考。