从人类聚居模式的演变看人与自然的关系

人类聚居模式是一定历史时期内社会、经济和技术发展水平的映象,也是一种最普遍的社会文化现象。人类聚居模式的进化影响着人与自然的关系。在人类社会经历了技术革命、生活方式高度文明以及能源危机、自然环境恶化以后,发现传统的环境观和自然观指导下的聚居模式已难以为继,绿色建筑成为未来建筑模式的发展方向。本文将就人类聚居模式的演变对人与自然的关系提出见解,供商榷。     

“以人为本”的移民迁建——对三峡库区新城占地移民安置与住区规划的思考

占地移民进入城市 ,给库区新城的住区规划提出新问题 ,住区不仅要满足一般的设计要求 ,更要体现移民的特殊需求。本文通过对这一现象的阐述和实际建设方案的剖析 ,首次从五个方面提出占地移民住区规划建设的原则、方法及程序 ,对占地移民的规划安置具有重要的参考价值     

知识经济背景下澳大利亚博士培养形式多样化研究

当前澳大利亚博士教育领域出现了一个新的特征:博士培养形式多样化。除了通过传统的毕业论文获得博士学位之外,校外哲学博士、专业博士学位、企业参与培养博士以及与国外大学合作培养博士等几种新兴的博士培养方式也获得了较快的发展。本文详细研究了澳大利亚博士培养形式多样化的表现,对其原因进行了归纳和分析,同时指出了影响博士培养形式多样化发展的主要障碍,最后在知识经济背景下对博士培养形式多样化进行了探讨。      

Redefining Welfare: Australian Social Policy and Practice

The present paper outlines and analyzes Australia's welfare reform policies as they have been implemented over the past decade. While there have been numerous social policy initiatives over this period, welfare reform provides an interesting site for analysis and review. This suite of policies and programs is of particular importance from several standpoints. First, its target groups – those needing income security assistance, including the unemployed, people with disabilities, and single parents – are historically and traditionally of concern to social work and social welfare. Second, welfare reform policies have had significant impact on social welfare agencies, and the social workers and welfare workers employed in them. Finally, welfare reform has had a wider impact on inequality in Australia and our attitudes to those in need. This paper first provides a brief overview of the context of Australian social policy and welfare, its origins and current situation. It then outlines the key operational elements of welfare reform and how it has been implemented. The third section of the paper offers a critical analysis of these policies and programs and finally poses some questions and issues requiring further discussion and research.     

银行国际结算文本翻译的特征和技巧

近年来,随着银行国际结算业务的迅速发展,银行国际结算文本的翻译也受到人们越来越多的关注,但目前该领域的翻译研究仍处于起步阶段,远远满足不了市场需要。文章介绍了银行国际结算文本语体、用语措辞以及句子结构的特征,并根据这些特征,提出了一些翻译技巧。     

WTO框架下国际投资争议解决机制探析

随着国际投资的一些问题纳入WTO规则体系内,WTO争议解决机制在国际投资争议解决方面也成为一个积极的扮演者。与传统国际投资争议解决方法相比较,WTO争议解决机制具有诸多优势,这必然导致越来越多的国际投资争议在WTO框架内解决,导致国际投资争议处理法的巨大变革。     

Implementing solutions to barriers to on-site HIV testing in substance abuse treatment: A tale of three facilities

Due to the scarcity of resources for implementing rapid onsite HIV testing, many substance abuse treatment programs do not offer these services. This study sought to determine whether addressing previously identified implementation barriers to integrating on-site rapid HIV testing into the treatment admissions process would increase offer and acceptance rates. Results indicate that it is feasible to integrate rapid HIV testing into existing treatment programs for substance abusers when resources are provided. Addressing barriers such as providing start-up costs for HIV testing, staff training, addressing staffing needs to reduce competing job responsibilities, and helping treatment staff members overcome their concerns about clients’ reactions to positive test results is paramount for the integration and maintenance of such programs.     

Population and housing

The analysis described here was carried out in response to a political crisis in Australia. In 1994, a Member of Parliament who opposed the use of foreign aid funds for family planning programs blocked the passage of the national budget. The impasse was resolved through a compromise. The use of foreign assistance for population activities was frozen pending an independent inquiry into the impact of population on economic development. A team of nine researchers prepared background papers on population and economic development, health, education, food supply, housing, poverty, the environment, family planning, and human rights. The overall conclusion of the inquiry was that slower population growth will yield more rapid development in most countries, especially in relatively poor, agricultural nations. The purpose of this contribution to the inquiry was to assess how population growth was affecting the housing sector and, in turn, economic development. Among other questions, does population growth increase the demand for residential land, housing, and urban infrastructure? Demographic methods were critical to answering the questions, especially assessing the impact of population growth on the demand for housing.     

Effects of federal programs on children: Absolute poverty, relative poverty, and income inequality

Since the 1996 welfare reform, federal spending on means-tested programs targeting the poorest children has decreased, while programs that benefit children in low-income working families have been expanded substantially. With this background, this study examined changes in the antipoverty and anti-inequality effects of children's programs between 1995 and 2007 using data from the Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) Supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS). The findings suggest that although the poverty-reduction effects of the federal child programs increased between 1995 and 2007, the programs' effects on the reductions of children's absolute poverty gaps, relative poverty rates, relative poverty gaps, and income inequality all decreased. More importantly, the antipoverty effects of the federal child programs were most weakened for the poorest children (i.e., those in female-headed, immigrant, and nonworking families) between 1995 and 2007.     

Vehicle Procurement Policy for Humanitarian Development Programs

This article aims to identify optimal vehicle procurement policies for organizations engaged in humanitarian development programs and to derive general insights on the characteristics of these policies. Toward that end, we follow an inductive approach. First, we study the operations of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in three representative countries: Sudan, Afghanistan, and Ethiopia. Using a linear programming (LP) model primed with field data provided by the ICRC, we calculate the optimal vehicle fleet size and compare it with the policies actually implemented. Second, drawing from results of the LP model, we develop a stylized quadratic control model and use it to characterize the general structure of the optimal policy under different demand scenarios and operational constraints. After demonstrating that the results of the control model are consistent with those of the LP model in the specific context analyzed, we discuss the optimal policies and the applicability of the former as a practical tool for strategic asset planning.