菲推国际仲裁的海洋法公约机制应对

《联合国海洋法公约》争端解决机制具有整体上的强制性.《公约》构建了司法管辖、仲裁管辖和辅助管辖等多元异质性强制管辖,架构了前置程序、识别程序、初步程序和审裁程序等多重次序性强制程序.针对菲律宾就中菲南海争端单方强推的国际仲裁,我们可以立足于争端强制解决机制的多元异质性与多重次序性,让《公约》机制为我所用,为中国所持的“双不”立场提供清晰的国际法注解,寻求中国主权维护之策,并为日后类似侵蚀中国主权的行为提供预防性立场注解,以赢得国际社会的理解和支持.我们应利用初步程序,坚持前置程序理据,对仲裁法庭受案提出反对主张,利用对事管辖和时间效力阐明仲裁法庭无管辖权的法理所在,利用裁决属性搁置可能的不利裁决,以维护国家主权.     

澳大利亚研究理事会的科研不端行为处理制度——以《澳大利亚负责任研究行为准则》为核心的探讨

作为澳大利亚国内最重要的国家科学基金机构,澳大利亚研究理事会（ARC）已经构建起一套关于科研不端行为的应对处理机制．包含一系列实体性法律标准及程序规定,涉及科研不端行为调查处理的一般性程序、法律责任、违法者权利保护、程序公平等问题,其中包含着可为我国有关立法所借鉴的有益经验。     

清季中朝乙酉勘界谈判探微

清同治、光绪年间,朝鲜咸镜北道接连发生水、旱、虫灾,大批流民越界到图们江北垦居.在遣返流民过程中,朝鲜根据康熙五十一年（1712年）穆克登查边所立石碑铭文,提出“土门、豆满两江说”,否认图们江为中朝边界.为此,光绪十一年（1885年）,中朝两国各派代表举行勘界谈判,查看了穆克登碑、鸭绿江和图们江水源,并就穆克登碑与边界的关系交换了意见.虽然未能达成任何协议,但朝鲜代表从中了解了问题的真相,最终使政府放弃了“土门、豆满两江说”,为此后的谈判奠定了基础.     

论儒教的宗教性问题(上)

宗教价值是人的创造性实践活动的虚拟。它已经度越了逻辑和理性的界限,虚拟了在现实不可能存在而具有逻辑可能性的东西,甚至虚拟了在逻辑上不可能存在的东西。宗教的旨趣就在于终极解脱、灵魂救济和安身立命,实际上是对于没有上帝的上帝、没有天国的天国的信仰。在中华文化中,对天命宗教信仰从夏、商、周三代到近现代历经了三次起落,每一次起落都与时代诉求与违背时代精神相联系。为了加强中华民族的凝聚力、感召力和向心力,儒教需要改革,完善其自身的五个方面缺失。因为这些缺失,削弱了中华民族各民族以至世界华人的凝聚力和向心力。儒教的宗教性是以人文、人性、人本、人道为终极关怀的人文宗教,是兼容诸教的普适化的中华文化体系,是人的终极精神家园。     

Engaging young people in science education through socioscientific issues of biosecurity

ABSTRACT

The biosecurity system is extremely important to New Zealand because the economy is based largely on exporting products derived from primary industry practices. Recent developments in trade practices such as online trade have put the biosecurity system in New Zealand under further strain. In light of this, engaging young people to support biosecurity initiatives is crucial. A qualitative approach using the interpretive mode of inquiry was used to investigate the message young people got out of biosecurity educational material in the public. One hundred and seventy-one young people completed a questionnaire that consisted of Likert-scale type questions and open-ended questions that focused on getting young people’s understanding of biosecurity related educational material. The findings show that young people emotionally connected with the biosecurity educational material, but were unable to get the biosecurity message. Building prior knowledge about biosecurity through teaching and learning is recommended.     

The Community Development for Healthy Children Initiative

Abstract

An increasing interest in positive youth development has led to the creation and expansion of programs and initiatives related to youth involvement and engagement. This article focuses on the Community Development for Healthy Children initiative, which envisions making Kansas the best state in the nation in which to raise a child. The initiative includes three primary strategies: A multi-media campaign; technical assistance and support to local communities; and mini-grant opportunities. The paper provides examples of activities from across the state that promote youth involvement. Outcomes across four areas are examined, and the benefits and challenges of this initiative are also discussed.     

Social Work Admissions and Academic Accommodations for Students with Disabilities

ABSTRACT

The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) protects students wth disabilities from discrimination by academic and professional programs in higher education. A student with a disability cannot be denied admission to an educational program because of his or her disability if the student is otherwise qualified. This means that a student with a disability who is qualified for an academic or professional educational program cannot be denied admission to a program based solely on the student&s disability. This educational requirement mandated by the ADA applies to all educational fields including social work education. The purpose of this study was to explore how social work programs are dealing with these requirements in their admission and academic accommodation procedures. Twelve social work programs located in the mid-western United States participated in the study. Representatives of each of these programs were given an in-depth interview focusing on their admissions process, academic accommodations, and general topics related to social work education and disabilities. All programs taking part in the research were accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). The CSWE is the national accreditation body for social work education within the United States.     

ROBUST ESTIMATION OF SMALL‐AREA MEANS AND QUANTILES

Small‐area estimation techniques have typically relied on plug‐in estimation based on models containing random area effects. More recently, regression M‐quantiles have been suggested for this purpose, thus avoiding conventional Gaussian assumptions, as well as problems associated with the specification of random effects. However, the plug‐in M‐quantile estimator for the small‐area mean can be shown to be the expected value of this mean with respect to a generally biased estimator of the small‐area cumulative distribution function of the characteristic of interest. To correct this problem, we propose a general framework for robust small‐area estimation, based on representing a small‐area estimator as a functional of a predictor of this small‐area cumulative distribution function. Key advantages of this framework are that it naturally leads to integrated estimation of small‐area means and quantiles and is not restricted to M‐quantile models. We also discuss mean squared error estimation for the resulting estimators, and demonstrate the advantages of our approach through model‐based and design‐based simulations, with the latter using economic data collected in an Australian farm survey.     

Florida Households’ Expected Responses to Hurricane Hazard Mitigation Incentives

This study tested a series of models predicting household expectations of participating in hurricane hazard mitigation incentive programs. Data from 599 households in Florida revealed that mitigation incentive adoption expectations were most strongly and consistently related to hazard intrusiveness and risk perception and, to a lesser extent, worry. Demographic and hazard exposure had indirect effects on mitigation incentive adoption expectations that were mediated by the psychological variables. The results also revealed differences in the factors affecting mitigation incentive adoption expectations for each of five specific incentive programs. Overall, the results suggest that hazard managers are more likely to increase participation in mitigation incentive programs if they provide messages that repeatedly (thus increasing hazard intrusiveness) remind people of the likelihood of severe negative consequences of hurricane impact (thus increasing risk perception).     

Principles of Total Quality Management and Their Application to Employee Assistance Programs:

Total quality management (TQM) has been thrust into the psyche of corporate America. TQM is not a new phenomena. Introduced in the early fifties to Japanese managers by an American management expert, it served to make Japan an international economic leader. U.S. companies have generally had little international competition. They now recognize he formidable challenge that quality based companies represent and are striving to replicate these successes. To do so will be to remain competitive. To discount the impact of TQM initiatives could spell economic disaster. Employee assistance program (EAP) management is modeled after American management principles. EAPs are also now having to compete for market share in ways for which they were never prepared. The TQM initiatives currently being implemented in many companies may be applied equally well to EAPs. This article presents an overview of the TQM principles formulated by W. Edwards Derning. The article also attempts to critically analyze some of the areas that have been problematic in EAP management. Further, it examines how TQM initiatives could serve to ameliorate some of these problems and lend additional impetus to the competitiveness of employee assistance programs with other behavioral health care service delivery and cost management programs.